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Non-FDG radionuclide imaging and targeted therapies
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Luigi Aloj, Ferdia A Gallagher
Altered vascularity with the formation of new blood vessels (or angiogenesis) are hallmarks of most tumours and are often associated with vessels that are leaky and disordered (3). Often these vessels are so disordered that the diffusion distance of oxygen between capillaries is exceeded, resulting in hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment. There is a large variation in the range of hypoxia that can be detected within and between tumours, and these vascular changes may lead to tissue ischaemia.
Oxygen Supply to Malignant Tumors
Published in Hans-Inge Peterson, Tumor Blood Circulation: Angiogenesis, Vascular Morphology and Blood Flow of Experimental and Human Tumors, 2020
Although the relationship between blood flow and vascularity is very complex, it can be stated that the metabolically useful blood flow is likely to be rate-limiting for the delivery of O2 and nutrients or drugs, or for the drainage of wastes or cytolytic products.
Histopathological aspects of peritoneal malignancy
Published in Tom Cecil, John Bunni, Akash Mehta, A Practical Guide to Peritoneal Malignancy, 2019
Babatunde Rowaiye, Norman Carr
Histologically, these lesions consist of spindle cells and a variably collagenous stroma. Fibrous areas and more cellular areas typically alternate. Vascularity is usually prominent, characteristically including branching thin-walled vessels. Tumours previously designated ‘haemangiopericytoma’ are probably examples of solitary fibrous tumour [76]. Immunoexpression is variable, but there is usually CD34 and Bcl-2 expression.
Predictors of metastasis in cervical indeterminate lymph nodes after thyroid cancer ablation by long-term ultrasound follow-up
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Jiahang Zhao, Longxia Wang, Yan Zhang, Hongying He, Ping Zhao, Yukun Luo
The location, echogenicity, vascularity, and size of the LNs were evaluated during the follow-up. The vascularity was classified into four levels according to the distribution of blood flow within the LN: level 0, no flow signal; level 1, distributed in the center; level 2, distributed in the periphery; and level 3, both central and peripheral distribution. The diameters of the three dimensions of LN were recorded, and the volume was calculated using the equation [13]: V is the volume, a is the largest diameter, and b and c are the other two perpendicular diameters). The KSThR and ETA guidelines classify LN as benign, indeterminate, and suspicious based on ultrasound features and risk of metastasis. Imaging features of suspicious lymph nodes include microcalcifications, cystic changes, hyperechogenicity, and abnormal vascularity. Benign LNs were defined as LNs without suspicious imaging features but with the typical imaging feature of benign LNs, including a central echogenic hilum or a central radiating hilar vascularity. Indeterminate LNs were defined as LNs without suspicious or benign LN imaging features but with eccentric, malformed, or absent hilum, independent of nodule shape [7,8]. In this study, the changes in LN volume and sonographic features at follow-up were compared with those at the initial review.
Dietary Diindolylmethane Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Centchroman in Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Neoangiogenesis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Dhanamjai Penta, Jagadish Natesh, Priya Mondal, Syed Musthapa Meeran
To investigate the effect of DIM and CC on TNBC, we developed a 4T1-syngeneic mouse mammary cancer model. Before inducing the tumor, the mice were administered DIM (10 mg/kg b.w.) for three weeks and continued the entire study. In contrast, CC was given once the palpable tumor appeared. As shown in Figure 1A, B, the overall tumor growth and volume were significantly reduced in the group that received both DIM and CC combinations. At the termination of the experiment, the tumor size was significantly decreased in the DIM and CC combined treated group compared with the control and individual DIM and CC treated groups. During tumor excision, we observed a different degree of vasculature around the tumor with different treatment groups. Vascularity is an index of angiogenesis measurement. As shown in Figure 1A, we observed that treatment of DIM substantially (P < 0.05) reduced the vasculature in breast tumors, whereas CC treatment was not significantly inhibited compared to control mice tumors, which may be due to a low dose of CC and administered after the appearance of the palpable tumor. Further, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in vasculature was observed in tumor-bearing mice administrated with DIM and CC combination (2.0 ± 0.5 average number of blood vessels per mouse) compared to individual treatment of DIM (7.0 ± 1.0 average number of blood vessels per mouse) and CC (14 ± 2.0 average number of blood vessels per mouse).
Retinal vascularity, nerve fiber, and ganglion cell layer thickness in thyroid eye disease on optical coherence tomography angiography
Published in Orbit, 2022
Tarjani Vivek Dave, Srujana Laghmisetty, Gayatri Krishnamurthy, Kavya Bejjanki, Anasua Ganguly, Ganesh Babu Jonnadula, Vivek Pravin Dave, Rajeev Reddy Pappuru
The vascularity measurements made using flow images and cross-sectional registered reflectance was summarized and projected in an en-face (Figure 1a) view as flow projections. Vascular density index was calculated over the entire scan area, i.e., whole enface disc and enface macula. Vascular densities were defined as the percentage area occupied by the large vessels and the microvasculature in the analyzed region of the whole scan area. The vascularity measurement in the macular region included the inner and the outer macular vascularity indices. Inner vascularity index was calculated from the cross-sectional flow projections extending from inner limiting membrane (ILM) to the inner plexiform layer (IPL) (Figure 1b). The outer macular vascularity index was calculated from the cross-sectional flow projections extending from the inner plexiform layer(IPL) to the inner nuclear layer (INL) (Figure 1c).