China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
This injection constitutes of Artemisia annua, Flos Lonicerae and Gardeniae Fructus and has anti-pyretic, -viral, and -inflammatory pharmacological properties. In treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and acute Bronchitis has shown to be effective [21, 34]. Reduning injection in combination with biapenem has a better curative effect to treat critical pneumonia and improves patients’ symptoms such as: improved lung function and blood gas indexes and reduced serum inflammatory factor levels [21].
Papulosquamous Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Melek Aslan Kayıran, Jordan V. Wang, Ayşe Serap Karadağ
Overview: The incidence of PR is estimated to be between 0.5–2%. Of all cases, 75% are diagnosed between the ages of 10–35 years. PR is less common under 10 years of age and peaks between the ages of 20–29 years. It is relatively more common in women. Although PR is generally more frequent in winter months, there are also a few studies reporting no seasonal variation. In some patients, there may be a recent history of upper respiratory tract infection before lesions appear.
Andrographis paniculata (Creat or Green Chiretta) and Bacopa monnieri (Water Hyssop)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Pankaj Mundada, Swati Gurme, Suchita Jadhav, Devashree Patil, Nitin Gore, Sumaiya Shaikh, Abhinav Mali, Suraj Umdale, Mahendra Ahire
A. paniculata and B. monnieri have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. The commercial value of A. paniculata is increasing due to its broad range of therapeutic values. The available data on pharmacological activities proves its extensive benefits. Several clinical studies have proven the safety of its use in treatment of upper respiratory tract infection under different conditions. However, the validation of several therapeutic activities such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities via clinical study is still lagging. B. monnieri exhibits enormous potential in the amelioration of cognitive disorders, along with prophylactic reduction of oxidative damage, modulation of neurotransmitters, and cognitive enhancement among healthy people. However, there is much less information available about biomedical research on Bacopa monnieri. We assume that both the medicinal plants will be highly useful in treatment of several health aliments in the near future. Along with pharmacological studies, researchers might provide attention to in vitro multiplication of these plants via tissue culture techniques for their commercial exploitation.
Understanding the mechanisms for COVID-19 vaccine’s protection against infection and severe disease
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Huijie Yang, Ying Xie, Changgui Li
Indeed, current vaccines are very effective in preventing severe diseases, but less effective in halting transmission. Effective prevention of infection may require a better understanding of mucosal immunity through the use of mucosal adjuvants and nasal administration, along with other strategies aimed at suppressing viral replication in the upper respiratory tract. These types of vaccines are being vigorously investigated by scientists worldwide, and more clinical data are required to establish the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. Nevertheless, it is of critical importance to ensure that currently approved vaccines are deployed worldwide. These vaccines have proven to be safe and effective in reducing hospitalizations and deaths. While the development of efficacious mucosal vaccines would require some time, it is highly possible, as COVID-19 has taught us a lot about vaccines against emerging respiratory viruses in just three years.
Acoustic parameter changes after bariatric surgery
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2022
Fakih Cihat Eravci, Barış Doğu Yildiz, Kürşat Murat Özcan, Münevver Moran, Mustafa Çolak, Süleyman Emre Karakurt, Mehmet Fatih Karakuş, Aykut Ikinciogullari
Although the voice emerges from the voice box (i.e. larynx), it is not the only anatomic level that gives these characteristics. The lower respiratory tract and upper respiratory tract contribute to the form of the voice. The supralaryngeal vocal tract plays a resonator role for the voice, which is produced in the larynx with the force of the airflow obtained from the lungs [13]. This contribution determines the acoustic features and in addition to the conventional acoustic parameters (e.g. F0, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio), the resonance peaks in the vocal tract are called formants which are labeled with numbers (F1, F2, F3, and F4). F1 and F2 frequencies are essential for phonemic recognition and mainly reflect the tongue position and lip roundness. F3 and F4 are more related to lip spreading and protrusion and are therefore related more to emotional expressions [14,15]. Obstruction, the narrowness of any level or change in the anatomic length and shape of each level has an impact on voice analysis as it affects articulation and resonance [13]. Previous studies have investigated the effect of some otolaryngological surgical procedures (adenotonsillectomy, septoplasty, palatoplasty, pharyngoplasty, etc.) on the voice [16,17]. However, the relationship between obesity and the voice has been a relatively untouched issue.
Can the immunological system of the upper respiratory tract, improved by physical exercise, act as a first immunological barrier against SARS-CoV-2?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Jairo Azócar-Gallardo, Alex Ojeda-Aravena, Jorge Carrizo Largo, Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira
In anatomical terms, the respiratory tract is divided into two segments: upper (nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, and larynx) and lower (trachea, lungs, and bronchi) [21]. The upper respiratory tract, in particular, is the main site of attacks by invasive microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria, causing upper respiratory tract infections such as acute bronchitis, common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndromes [22–24]. To defend itself, the upper respiratory tract releases lymphocytes (B cells) which in turn allow the synthesis of immunoglobulins – specialized antibodies for the humoral immune response to toxins and extracellular pathogens [25,26]. The immunoglobulin family consists basically of three types: immunoglobulin A (IgA; IgA1 and IgA2), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). They act by inhibiting microorganisms from adhering to the mucosa, thus neutralizing the virus [27,28]. IgA is the predominant antibody, secreted by the mucosas of the organism including nasal and pulmonary secretions, saliva, tears, milk and secretions of the urogenital and intestinal tracts; it is a fundamental ‘first line of defense’ against the vast majority of infections that try to invade the respiratory tract of the human body [23,25,26,29]. Therefore, IgA is an important resistance effector against the pathogenic micro-organisms that cause upper respiratory tract infections [23,25,30,31]; it also acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity [17].