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COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
This injection constitutes of Artemisia annua, Flos Lonicerae and Gardeniae Fructus and has anti-pyretic, -viral, and -inflammatory pharmacological properties. In treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and acute Bronchitis has shown to be effective [21, 34]. Reduning injection in combination with biapenem has a better curative effect to treat critical pneumonia and improves patients’ symptoms such as: improved lung function and blood gas indexes and reduced serum inflammatory factor levels [21].
Ailments and Diseases
Published in James Sherifi, General Practice Under the NHS, 2023
Doubts were arising regarding the profligate use of antibiotics for mainly viral upper respiratory tract infections. Such doubts were not transferred to anxious parents who still expected a prescription for every cold.
Andrographis paniculata (Creat or Green Chiretta) and Bacopa monnieri (Water Hyssop)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Pankaj Mundada, Swati Gurme, Suchita Jadhav, Devashree Patil, Nitin Gore, Sumaiya Shaikh, Abhinav Mali, Suraj Umdale, Mahendra Ahire
A. paniculata and B. monnieri have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. The commercial value of A. paniculata is increasing due to its broad range of therapeutic values. The available data on pharmacological activities proves its extensive benefits. Several clinical studies have proven the safety of its use in treatment of upper respiratory tract infection under different conditions. However, the validation of several therapeutic activities such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities via clinical study is still lagging. B. monnieri exhibits enormous potential in the amelioration of cognitive disorders, along with prophylactic reduction of oxidative damage, modulation of neurotransmitters, and cognitive enhancement among healthy people. However, there is much less information available about biomedical research on Bacopa monnieri. We assume that both the medicinal plants will be highly useful in treatment of several health aliments in the near future. Along with pharmacological studies, researchers might provide attention to in vitro multiplication of these plants via tissue culture techniques for their commercial exploitation.
Throat infections and use of streptococcal antigen test and antibiotic treatment in general practice; a web-based survey
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2022
Hanne Puntervoll, Pål Jenum, Sigurd Høye, Mette Tollånes
In our survey, most of the GPs (95%) would prescribe beta-lactamase-sensitive penicillin. This is in accordance with guidelines, which recommend phenoxymethylpenicillin as first-line treatment for most respiratory tract infections when antibiotic therapy is indicated. Approximately 4–5% of the GPs indicated that they would offer broad-spectrum antibiotics. Macrolides were also suggested by a few GPs. Treatment of upper respiratory tract infections with second-choice antibiotics is almost always unnecessary. Hence, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics in cases 1 and 2 would not be in accordance with guidelines. These findings are consistent with previous reports showing that macrolides and penicillin with extended-spectrum are used more often than recommended [18,19]. The use of macrolide antibiotics is particularly problematic as they may trigger microbial resistance [20].
Can the immunological system of the upper respiratory tract, improved by physical exercise, act as a first immunological barrier against SARS-CoV-2?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Jairo Azócar-Gallardo, Alex Ojeda-Aravena, Jorge Carrizo Largo, Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira
In anatomical terms, the respiratory tract is divided into two segments: upper (nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, and larynx) and lower (trachea, lungs, and bronchi) [21]. The upper respiratory tract, in particular, is the main site of attacks by invasive microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria, causing upper respiratory tract infections such as acute bronchitis, common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndromes [22–24]. To defend itself, the upper respiratory tract releases lymphocytes (B cells) which in turn allow the synthesis of immunoglobulins – specialized antibodies for the humoral immune response to toxins and extracellular pathogens [25,26]. The immunoglobulin family consists basically of three types: immunoglobulin A (IgA; IgA1 and IgA2), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). They act by inhibiting microorganisms from adhering to the mucosa, thus neutralizing the virus [27,28]. IgA is the predominant antibody, secreted by the mucosas of the organism including nasal and pulmonary secretions, saliva, tears, milk and secretions of the urogenital and intestinal tracts; it is a fundamental ‘first line of defense’ against the vast majority of infections that try to invade the respiratory tract of the human body [23,25,26,29]. Therefore, IgA is an important resistance effector against the pathogenic micro-organisms that cause upper respiratory tract infections [23,25,30,31]; it also acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity [17].
The financial burden of treating patients presenting with acute and chronic cough
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Surinder S. Birring, Craig J. Currie, Sarah E. Holden, Sara Jenkins-Jones, Ellen R. Berni, Bethan Jones, Thomas R. Berni, Haya Langerman
Although coughs are diverse, there are definitions of cough presentation that can assist in their classification. Acute cough is defined as lasting less than 3 weeks, and it is one of the most common complaints for which patients visit their doctor2. In the vast majority of cases, acute cough is due to a viral upper respiratory tract infection3. Chronic cough (CC) in adults is usually defined as a cough that lasts 8 weeks or more2. It requires specific approaches to treatment as it may be due to a variety of underlying causes such as asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and rhinitis/sinusitis. However, in a proportion of cases, no underlying cause can be identified4. In addition to the physical effects of CC, many people are equally affected by its psychosocial effects5.