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Spinal Injuries
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae, but only the upper 24 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar) articulate (Figure 16.1). The 5 sacral and 4 coccygeal vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum and coccyx, respectively. The vertebral column is most vulnerable to injury at the cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar and, less commonly, lumbosacral junctions. These are transition zones in terms of mobility and curvature. The thoracic vertebrae are relatively immobile compared with the cervical and lumbar vertebrae because of the alignment of the facet joints and attachment to the thoracic cage.6 The sacral vertebrae are relatively fixed within the bony pelvis.
Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
The thoracic spine is distinguished by its 12 ribs, attaching either side of 12 thoracic vertebrae (see Figure 7.35). Each rib attaches to its vertebrae at two points, the costovertebral and costotransverse joints. The rib circles around the body and attaches anteriorly to the sternum via the costal cartilage. The function of the ribs is to protect the vital organs – the heart, lungs, kidneys and liver – from traumatic injury.
The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs to form the thorax or chest cavity. The upper seven ribs also join in the front of the body with the breast bone or sternum. The eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs are known as vertebrochondral ribs because they join the cartilage of the seventh rib (chondro- denotes cartilage). The lowest two ribs are referred to as floating ribs because they are not connected in front. The pelvic girdle includes the sacrum and coccyx and joins with the vertebral column above and the thigh bones or femurs below.
Postoperative analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine combined with TPVB applied to open gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Weilan Wan, Zhiqi Hou, Qiuying Qiu
Afterwards, ultrasound-guided TPVB was performed by an experienced anesthesiologist that was blind to the group allocation. In brief, the patient was in lateral position, and the 8–9 spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae were determined first. Before puncture, 1% lidocaine was used for local infiltration anesthesia. The puncture point was 3 cm beside the upper edge of spinous process. In-plane puncture technique was used to puncture into thoracic paravertebral space. No blood and cerebrospinal fluid were drawn back. The catheter was implanted 2.5 cm and fixed. Fifteen milliliters 0.5% RO with 2 mL dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) was injected paravertebrally to the patients in RD group under ultrasound guidance. Patients in the RO group received 15 mL RO (0.5%) and 2 mL normal saline. The anesthetic effect was tested to determine that nerve block was successful.
Spontaneous spleen rupture mimicking non-specific thoracic pain: A rare case in physiotherapy practice
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Carla Sforza, Michele Margelli, Firas Mourad, Fabrizio Brindisino, John D. Heick, Filippo Maselli
A 60-year-old male physiatrist presented to the author’s rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The patient complained of central thoracic back pain that was localized between the third (T3) to the seventh (T7) thoracic vertebrae, bilateral shoulder pain, mainly on the trapezius, and pain in the right abdominal upper quadrant (RUQ) (Figure 2). Two days after the onset of symptoms, the patient self-referred because he felt his pain was a musculoskeletal condition. Recently, the patient needed to assist his disabled father, which was physically demanding and an activity the patient was not used to doing. More recently the patient reported a severe and generalized sense of fatigue never experienced before and difficulty sleeping due to TP. He denied any other concerning symptoms or risk factors in the medical history such as recent heavy-duty work, trauma, or unusual movements.
Effects of backrest and seat-pan inclination of tractor seat on biomechanical characteristics of lumbar, abdomen, leg and spine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Qichao Wang, Yihuan Huo, Zheng Xu, Wenjie Zhang, Yujun Shang, Hongmei Xu
The spine plays various roles in supporting the trunk, protecting the internal organs, controlling human movement and protecting the spinal cord. The adult spine consists of 26 vertebrae, including seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7), 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12), five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5), one sacral vertebra and one caudal vertebra from the top to the bottom. The load of spine in different parts is the sum of the weight of the above limbs, muscle tension and external load. Therefore, the spine gradually widens from the top to the bottom, which is in line with the gradual increase in spinal load. The thoracic vertebra is the most important part of human spine, playing important roles in maintaining the stability and driving the movement of human upper limbs. The lumbar spine is located at the bottom of the spine, acting as a junction of the movable segment and the fixed segment. It bears a large load and is the most frequent site for the occurrence of lumbar occupational diseases. Based on these facts, this study selected some thoracic segments and the whole lumbar segment as the objects for analysis.