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Shoulder, Scapula, and Clavicle Radiography
Published in Russell L. Wilson, Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
The internal and external rotation views are routinely taken on nontraumatic injury shoulder studies. When concerned about supraspinatus muscle impingement, the outlet view is very important. An A-P view with the arm abducted to 90° can be very useful in evaluating the joint space. Placing a full soda can in the hand of the affected arm will provide adequate stress to evaluate the cartilage in the glenohumeral joint space. The full soda can will provide 95% of full weight-bearing stress.
Upper Limb
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
In primates, including humans, the supraspinatus lies mainly on the superior side of the scapula and shoulder joint. The superior position of the supraspinatus within the shoulder girdle makes it well suited to abduct the arm when the muscle contracts (in particular of the first 15° of abduction, the remaining abduction being mainly performed by or in concert with the deltoid). Therefore, although the supraspinatus muscle is often grouped in the “rotator cuff” functional group with the subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor, it is not a major shoulder rotator in humans. Unlike the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus in humans lies in a position similar to that seen in more generalized quadrupedal mammals, running from the posterior aspect of the scapula to the posterior proximal humerus and thus being a strong lateral rotator of the arm (Table 4.1; see Box 4.3).
The neurological examination
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
Supraspinatus muscle (Figure 11.1d) Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, and C6).Function: Initial abduction of shoulder joint.Physical examination: The patient abducts the shoulder (arrow) against resistance.
Comparison of low level and high power laser combined with kinesiology taping on shoulder function and musculoskeletal sonography parameters in subacromial impingement syndrome: a Randomized placebo-controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Zohreh Zaki, Roya Ravanbod, Marc Schmitz, Kambiz Abbasi
Pain, functional impairment, reduced motion, and muscle weakness were observed in patients with SAIS. The use of LLL or HPL therapies along with KT improved pain and dysfunction, which was more pronounced in HPL-KT group than LLL-KT group. Musculoskeletal ultrasound assessment showed that supraspinatus tendon was more affected than the long head of biceps in the subacromial space of the patients with SAIS. Although KT was applied as routine physiotherapy treatment, it was accompanied by several beneficial effects including a significant increase in AHD in all the study groups. HPL therapy was more effective in reducing supraspinatus tendon thickness and increasing tendon echogenicity compared to LLL therapy. Biomechanically, it seems that inhibition of the supraspinatus muscle is not an appropriate approach in the treatment of SAIS as increased tendon thickness and decreased tendon echogenicity were observed in the sham-KT group.
Ultrasound-guided versus blind subacromial bursa corticosteroid injection for paraplegic spinal cord injury patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Mohaddeseh Azadvari, Seyede Zahra Emami-Razavi, Farhad Torfi, Najmeh Sadat Boland Nazar, Ali Akbar Malekirad
Musculoskeletal pains are very common among SCI patients and different percentages have been reported in various studies [12]. Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints of paraplegic SCI patients. Demographic factors as well as time duration of the injury and mobility from the wheelchair are among the effective factors on the shoulder pain [13]. Subacromial bursitis is the most important pathology of shoulder pain which is created as the result of over-use, in a potential location, just beneath the acromion bump; this makes the tendon of supraspinatus muscle prone to entrapment and tendinitis. Chronic pain has direct impacts on the quality of life of SCI patients as well as their mood [1,13]. Subacromial injection of corticosteroid mainly conducted in blind manner by anatomic landmarks is one of the effective treatments for this pain. Depending the body size of the patients, soft tissue thickness, physician experience and length of the needle, blind method could have some errors. On the other hand, the shoulder pain in these patients is usually chronic, resistant and recurring [14,15].
Did the prevalence of suprascapular neuropathy in professional volleyball players decrease with the changes occurred in serving technique?
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2021
Daniele Mazza, Raffaele Iorio, Piergiorgio Drogo, Edoardo Gaj, Edoardo Viglietta, Giuseppe Rossi, Edoardo Monaco, Andrea Ferretti
In our study, we performed an MRI of the shoulder in patients with clinical evidence of IS, and we did not consider the necessity of additional exams (e.g. EMG) to confirm the diagnosis. We used the scoring system proposed by Ludig et al. [28], which allows for an easy assessment of the trophicity of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. At the clinical evaluation, infraspinatus muscle hypotrophy was found in all the subjects. A grade 1 lesion was found in one female athlete, and grade 2 lesions were reported in the other eight subjects. Together with infraspinatus muscle hypotrophy, one male athlete presented with teres minor hypertrophy. Teres minor hypertrophy could be secondary to the infraspinatus muscle weakness. Indeed, both of these muscles work as agonists in the external rotation of the shoulder. If one reduces its effectiveness, the other has to increase its size as a compensative mechanism. In all cases, a normal convex profile of the supraspinatus muscle was found, indicating distal compression of the suprascapular nerve.