China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The shoulder joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint formed between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula (Fig. 3.18a). The glenoid cavity is shallow, which makes the joint unstable. It has a wide range of movements and relies on muscle support for stability. The joint capsule is lax to permit the wide range of movements available at the joint. It attaches close to the margin of the head of humerus, except inferiorly where it attaches 2–3 cm distally. The capsule is strengthened by four muscles, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor, which are known collectively as the rotator cuff. Subscapularis originates on the anterior aspect of the scapula and inserts into the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. Supraspinatus originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the superior aspect of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Infraspinatus originates from the infraspinous fossa on the scapula and inserts into the middle portion of the greater tuberosity. Teres minor originates from the upper two-thirds of the axillary border of the scapula (posterior surface) and inserts into the inferior aspect of the greater tuberosity.
Upper Limb
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The larger portion of the scapula (Plate 4.7a and b) is formed by intramembranous ossification, while the outer parts are mainly formed by endo-chondral ossification. Along the superolateral portion of the scapula are the acromion, suprascapular notch (bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament), and supraspinous fossa. The scapular spine extends from the acromion to divide the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa (located superior and inferior to the spine, respectively). On the lateral aspect is the glenoid fossa (or glenoid cavity, deepened by the cartilaginous glenoid labrum), which articulates with the humerus. The supraglenoid tubercle lies just superior to this cavity, while the infraglenoid tubercle lies inferior. Inferior to the glenoid cavity is the lateral border of the scapula, which, when followed medially, becomes the inferior angle of the scapula. The medial (vertebral) border of the scapula will become the superior angle of the scapula when followed superiorly. The coracoid process lies inferior to the acromion and just medial to the glenoid cavity (this process is the remnant of a bone present in our fish ancestors, the coracoid bone).
Upper limb
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of supraspinatus– origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula– insertion: sup. facet of greater tuberosity of humerus– nerve SS: suprascapular n. (C5 and 6)– function: abduct arm, stabilise shoulder joint
Anatomical aspects of the selective infraspinatus muscle neurotization by spinal accessory nerve
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Radek Kaiser, Aneta Krajcová, Michal Makel, Gautham Ullas, Veronika Němcová
SSN arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus which is formed by the union of the ventral rami of the C5 and C6 and rarely from C4 root. The nerve passes across the posterior triangle of the neck parallel to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle and deep to the trapezius muscle. It then runs along the superior border of the scapula, passes through the suprascapular notch inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and enters the supraspinous fossa. It then passes beneath the supraspinatus, relatively fixed on the floor of the supraspinatus fossa, and curves around the lateral border of the spine of the scapula through the spinoglenoid notch to the infraspinous fossa. In 84%, there were no more than two motor branches to the supraspinatus muscle and in 48% the infraspinatus muscle had three or four motor branches of the same size [11]. The mean diameter of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch is 2.48 ± 0.6 mm [12].
Restoration of shoulder external rotation by means of the infraspinatus muscle reinnervation with a radial nerve branch transfer
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Paulo L. Tavares, Mario G. Siqueira, Roberto S. Martins, Monise Zaccariotto, Luciano Foroni, Carlos O. Heise, Davi Solla
Muscles relating to the approach are demonstrated in Figure 2. Dissecting in the posterior suprascapular area the supraspinatus and infraspinatus branches of the suprascapular nerve were separated, after opening the superior transverse scapular ligament (Figure 3), and the infraspinatus branch was dissected in the supraspinatus fossa until the spinoglenoid notch. After lateral and superior displacement of the deltoid muscle, the infraspinatus muscle was partially detached from the scapular spine and a layer between the scapula and the infraspinatus fascia was developed, from the most lateral portion of the inferior border of the spine of the scapula and from the surface of the scapula itself. The infraspinatus muscle originates from the medial two-thirds of the posterior surface of the scapula, below the spine of the scapula, which makes it simpler to displace the muscle posteriorly and inferiorly, given its loose adhesion to the most lateral part of the scapula. The infraspinatus branch of the suprascapular nerve was identified in the region of the spinoglenoid notch, next to the suprascapular artery. Once identified, the nerve was dissected in a proximal direction, as far as the point at which it goes round the side of the spine of the scapula and enters the infraspinous fossa (Figure 4).
Did the prevalence of suprascapular neuropathy in professional volleyball players decrease with the changes occurred in serving technique?
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2021
Daniele Mazza, Raffaele Iorio, Piergiorgio Drogo, Edoardo Gaj, Edoardo Viglietta, Giuseppe Rossi, Edoardo Monaco, Andrea Ferretti
The suprascapular nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve originating from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, C6, and occasionally C4 nerve roots) [20]. In its route around the scapula, the nerve is susceptible to compression, especially at two points [21] (Figure 1). The first one is located at the suprascapular notch. At this site, the nerve enters the supraspinous fossa passing through a narrow fibro-osseous tunnel. After providing motor and sensory branches, the suprascapular nerve continues distally and encounters the second critical point, the spinoglenoid notch. The spinoglenoid notch is located at the lateral edge of the scapular spine, in relation to the spinoglenoid ligament.