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Adapting Injection Techniques to Different Regions
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
The shape of the eyebrow is structured mainly by bony supraorbital ridge and the ROOF pad. The thickness of the skin and superficial fat has effects on the pattern of transition from the prominence to neighboring contours. Brow hairs are usually considered to correspond to the location of ROOF and the interdigitation of frontalis muscle and orbicularis oculi muscle but do not always continue to the most prominent part of the bony ridge.
Advanced Rhinoplasty
Published in Suleyman Tas, Rhinoplasty in Practice, 2022
Supraorbital ridge: The supraorbital ridge created by the frontal bone on the eyebrow line is clearer among men. Women do not have such a ridge, so their foreheads tend to be more oval while men’s are more concave.
Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
The corrugator supercilii muscles (colloquially known as the corrugators) arise from the medial aspect of the supraorbital ridge (the superior bony border of the orbit) and their fibres extend superiorly between the orbicularis oculi muscles before attaching in the deep tissues immediately superior to the midline of the supraorbital ridge. Regarding the relevant local musculature, the corrugators can be found lateral to the procerus, inferior to the frontalis and superior to the orbicularis oculi muscles (Figure 3.15).
Motor behavior-induced prefrontal cortex activation and episodic memory function
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Paul D. Loprinzi, Lindsay Crawford, Damien Moore, Jeremiah Blough, Grace Burnett, Morgan Chism, Gina Robinson
Cerebral oxygenation of the PFC was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNRIS; Oxymon, Artinis, Netherlands). The 8-lead Optode headset was worn on the forehead, just above the supraorbital ridge. The Beer-Lambert law was used to calculate micromolar changes in tissue oxygenation by changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin. Levels from all 8-leads were averaged to form a composite prefrontal cortex oxygenation level. Oxyhemoglobin levels, expressed in micromolar (μM), were measured immediately before, during, and 3-minutes after the saccadic eye movement protocol, with each of these assessments occurring over a 30-sec time period. The before and after time periods involved the fixation control condition of the saccadic eye movement protocol (i.e. flashing dot in the center of the screen; no side-to-side eye movements).
Longitudinal composite 3D faces and facial growth trends in children 6–11 years of age using 3D cephalometric surface imaging
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Bar Y. Ainuz, Rami R. Hallac, Alex A. Kane
The facial measurements of bitragional width, morphological facial height, upper facial height, and lower facial height revealed a minimal but consistent increase in value throughout all years for both boys and girls, with boys having larger values than girls (Figure 3). The facial height proportion metric (upper facial height: lower facial height) for boys increased in magnitude until age 9, and then decreased in ages 10 and 11. For girls, facial height proportion showed a consistent increase until age 10, where a decrease was observed at age 11. The three orbital measurements of intercanthal distance, outer canthal distance, and supraorbital ridge projection showed similar growth throughout all years with the smallest magnitude of change in the intercanthal distance metric. It was noted that boys had a larger change in magnitude than girls in respect to the supraorbital ridge projection. The nasal measurements of nasal height and nasal bridge length showed more prominent changes in the first few years and stabilised during years 10 and 11 for both sexes. Nasal width and nasal tip projection showed an incremental increase. Regarding the oral measurements, the total labial height and inter-commissural width increased minimally over time. However, the philtrum length essentially showed no change for both sexes.
Multiple lacrimal drainage anomalies in proboscis lateralis
Published in Orbit, 2021
Nandini Bothra, Milind Naik, Mohammad Javed Ali
Proboscis lateralis (PL) is a very rare congenital anomaly with the incidence being less than 1:1,00,000 to 1:1,000,000 live births.1,2 This condition is characterized primarily with a nose-like tubular appendage which commonly arises from the medial canthal region, but can also arise from the lateral canthus, lateral supraorbital ridge, mid-upper eyelid, root of the nose, and chin.3 PL was divided into four groups by Khoo in 1985.4 Group 1 is PL with normal nose and is the least common. Group 2 is PL with ipsilateral deformed nose. Group 3 is PL with ipsilateral deformed nose with additional ocular and its adnexal deformities and is the most common. Group 4 consists of deformities in Group 3 with an addition of cleft lip or palate.4 Embryologically, many theories have been proposed to explain the development of PL. The two widely accepted theories are either imperfect fusion of the lateral nasal and maxillary processes or aberrant fusion of the maxillary process of the affected side to the medial nasal process (globular process).3 The lacrimal drainage anomalies in this condition, to the best of authors’ knowledge, have been described only once previously.5 The present report is a case of Group 4 PL in a 9-year-old girl with multiple lacrimal drainage anomalies in addition to the other anomalies. This report adheres to the Tenets of Declaration of Helsinki and the patient consent for publication of photographs has been obtained.