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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
The frontal bone is the bone of the forehead and is formed of two distinct parts: the squamous part, which is the flat piece of bone which makes up the forehead, and an orbital part, which comprises the roof and medial aspect of the eye socket. The frontal bone technically has 12 bony articulations; with the four primary facial articulations as follows: Superiorly: Parietal boneLaterally: ZygomaInferiorly: MaxillaMedially: Lacrimal bone
Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Orbicularis oculi is comprised of orbital, palpebral, and lacrimal parts and a ciliary bundle (Standring 2016). The fibers of the orbital part form complete ellipses around the orbit and originate from the nasal part of the frontal bone, the frontal process of the maxilla, and the medial palpebral ligament (Standring 2016). These fibers form depressor supercilii (Macalister 1875; Standring 2016). The fibers of the palpebral part originate from the medial palpebral ligament, course across the eyelids, and end as the lateral palpebral raphe (Standring 2016). The fibers of the lacrimal part originate from the lacrimal bone and insert into the tarsi of the eyelids and the lateral palpebral raphe (Standring 2016).
Anatomy of the Midface
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Stephen A. Goldstein, Evan Ransom
The orbicularis oculi is divided functionally into the tarsal, palpebral, and orbital components. The first two allow for gentle unstrained closure of the eye as in blinking or during sleep. The remaining orbital portion surrounds the upper and lower palpebral parts with its origin at the medial canthal tendon and lacrimal bone and its insertion in the dermis underlying the periocular skin at the orbital margin. Contraction of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi results in tight closure of the eye, as in a protective maneuver (blinking), or expressions of pain and anguish. It is this portion where neuromodulators are injected to eradicate lateral canthal rhytides and provide lateral brow lifting. Deep rhytides in this region are often a target for use of fillers in this region.
Penetrating head injury due to angle grinder: an occupational hazard
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Khursheed Alam Khan, Ashok Gandhi, Vinod Sharma, Shashikant Jain
A 30 years old male patient was brought to our department after an accident at his workplace while cutting iron with an angle grinder. The patient was unconscious but vitals were stable. GCS was 10/15 and a lacerated wound was seen extending from face through orbit to right forehead. The patient was intubated and the airway secured, iv fluids were given . X ray chest and cervical spine were normal and focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) was negative. After stabilizing, a CT brain was done which revealed a foreign body in right frontal region with fracture of right orbital roof extending to right medial orbital wall, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Intraoperatively, disc material of the angle grinder was found impacted transorbitally into the right frontal lobe with surrounding right frontal contusions. The brain tissue was separated from the foreign body and the intracranial part of the foreign body was broken and removed, surrounding contusion was removed and hemostasis secured. The orbital part of the remaining foreign body was removed separately from below in collaboration with an ophthalmologist. The wound was thoroughly cleaned and the dura closed. The patient was ventilated and prescribed cerebral decongestants, antibiotics and antiepileptics in postoperative period. The patient improved within 5 days and was weaned off ventilatory support. He was discharged from the hospital on Day 14 postinjury with a GCS of 15 and no vision in the right eye ( Figure 2–8).
Biomechanical analysis of likelihood of optic canal damage in peri-orbital fracture
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2018
Tomohisa Nagasao, Tadaaki Morotomi, Motone Kuriyama, Motoki Tamai, Yoshiaki Sakamoto, Naoki Takano
Ten finite element models of the orbit were produced in reference to DICOM (Digital Image and Communication in Medicine) data obtained by computed tomography of ten persons (8 males and 2 females; 43.8 ± 10.2 y/o). None of the ten persons had congenital or acquired deformity of the skull. The computer tomography was performed to screen intra-cranial damages after traumatic incidents. Informed consent was obtained with each person for his skull data to be used in this study, and the study was conducted in keeping with the Helsinki Declaration. The DICOM data was processed into finite element models by Simpleware (Simpleware Inc, California, USA) ―preprocessor software developed for graphic imaging and transformation of DICOM data into mathematical models. The left orbit part of the skull was taken and transformed into finite element models. The orbital part was cut out at 2.5 centimeters above the superior rim of the orbit, 4 centimeters lower than the inferior rim of the orbit, and 1 centimeter over the midline. Young’s modulus of the bone was calculated based on Kopperdahl’s methods [12], referring to computer tomographic densities. Soft tissues―the skin, muscle, fat tissue, and components of the orbit―were simulated with a rubber material with a density of 10-9 ton/mm3, shear modulus of 0.7 MPa, and Young’s modulus of 2.05 MPa. Each model consisted of from 195000 to 220000 elements (Figure 1).
The eye area as the most difficult area of activity for esthetic treatment
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Anna Kołodziejczak, Helena Rotsztejn
The skin of the eyelids is connected to the eyelid part of the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eye. Fatty tissue is rare here or it is very scanty. Fat tissue is usually present in the peripheral area of orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eye. In some people, fat compartments may also be located at the eyelid part of the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eye. Below the peripheral part there is a periorbital fat tissue. If it is abundant, the eyebrow area becomes protruding (3,5,6).