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Hand Infections
Published in Dorian Hobday, Ted Welman, Maxim D. Horwitz, Gurjinderpal Singh Pahal, Plastic Surgery for Trauma, 2022
Dorian Hobday, Ted Welman, Maxim D. Horwitz, Gurjinderpal Singh Pahal
Cellulitis is acute inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It presents as swelling and erythema to the affected area and may or may not be associated with a collection (Figure 3.2). Try to establish how rapidly the erythema is spreading and check for associated lymphangitis (inflammation or infection of the lymphatic system) as evidenced by red lines running up the arm. If there is a visible/palpable collection of pus, this needs to be drained as previously described (Figure 3.3). Rapid spread of cellulitis, the presence of lymphangitis, abnormal blood results or abnormal observations (e.g. fever/tachycardia) in the context of cellulitis are indications to admit for intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring.
Anorectal malformation
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Marc A. Levitt, Richard J. Wood
Wound infections and mild dehiscences of the posterior sagittal incision and perineal body can occur. The infection usually affects only the skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes can be resutured, and will heal with local care. If the perineal body disrupts, it may heal in with no sphincter muscle anterior to the anus, and this often requires a redo operation.
Filler Biologic Properties and Techniques
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Careful evaluation and proper diagnosis is critical for a favorable outcome. We analyze the entire anatomic area including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, fat, and bone. A global appreciation for the proportion and geometry of the area as a whole and the harmony between aesthetic subunits helps to produce the finishing touches to volumetric rejuvenation.
Predicting severity of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis
Published in Orbit, 2023
Michael I. Rothschild, Richard R. Pacheco, Edward J. Wladis
Necrotizing fasciitis is characterized by infection of subcutaneous tissue and underlying fascia with secondary necrosis of the overlying skin with rapid progression.1 It can be recognized by its propensity to cross tissue planes. The face and especially the periorbital area are rare sites for necrotizing fasciitis, given the abundant and redundant blood supply to the area. However, the morbidity of the disease is significant with risk of functional damage to the orbit, eyelids, and globes which may result in vision loss, eye loss, and significant cosmetic deformity.1,2 Though far less than the mortality of necrotizing fasciitis elsewhere in the body (reported to be as high as 35%), mortality of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis remains significant and has been reported to be between 3.4% and 14.4%.3,4 Aggressive serial surgical debridement of necrotic tissue along with concomitant antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of treatment, although mild cases may be treated with conservative therapy.5
Synthesis of nanocapsules blended polymeric hydrogel loaded with bupivacaine drug delivery system for local anesthetics and pain management
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Wentao Deng, Yu Yan, Peipei Zhuang, Xiaoxu Liu, Ke Tian, Wenfang Huang, Cai Li
Vertical Franz-type diffusion cells with a cross-sectional area of 6 cm2 and a cell volume of 7.0 mL were used in vitro skin permeation investigations. A peritoneal injection of Carbrital was used to anesthetize rats. To avoid damaging the stratum corneum, the fur on the abdomen area of the mice was gently shaved with an electrical shaver. The adhering fat and subcutaneous tissue were removed along with the skin from the abdomen surface. The dorsal side of the stripped skin was pointing upwards and knotted at the donor compartment. In vitro skin permeation tests of BPV from various formulations were conducted in a Franz glass diffusion cell at 37 °C under non-occlusive circumstances. At 37 ± 0.5 °C, the receptor compartment was filled with 7 mL of PBS (pH 7.0) containing 2% (w/w) anhydrous ethanol, and the solution was constantly agitated at 200 rpm by a magnetic stirrer. On the epidermal surface of the skin, BPV drugs loaded CS-GP hydrogel, BPV drugs loaded CS-GP/PC polymeric hydrogel, and free BPV drug (each formula contains 2% BPV) formulations were applied. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 h, 0.5 mL aliquots were extracted. After each sampling, the same amount of PBS solution kept at 37 °C was replaced in the receptor compartment. HPLC analysis was used to determine the samples, as mentioned in Section 2.9.
Effects of aerobic exercise on waist circumference, VO2 max, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid index in middle-aged women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Menopause is a physiological process in a women's life. The years surrounding menopause in some middle-aged women are associated with body fat mass gain, especially increased abdominal obesity due to the accumulation of visceral fat (Simkin & Wing, 2000). Abdominal obesity refers to fat accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue and intestines of the abdomen. Estrogen deficiency is known to accelerate the accumulation of visceral fat (Lizcano & Guzmán, 2014; Gower, Muñoz, Desmond, Hilario-Hailey, & Jiao, 2006). The more visceral fat there is, the higher the risk of insulin resistance, and the higher the morbidity of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, visceral obesity is associated with atherosclerotic dyslipidemia, such as decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL), increased triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (Despres, 2001). In fact, since middle-aged life accounts for a considerable portion of life, preventive arbitration is needed to maintain a healthy life.