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The Mottled Locus: Mottled (Mo), Blotchy (Moblo), Brindled (Mobr), Dappled (Modp), Mosaic (Moms), Tortoiseshell (Moto), and Viable Brindled (Movbr) Mutations, Chromosome X
Published in John P. Sundberg, Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities, 2020
Mobl Blotchy — Spontaneous aortic and abdominal aneurysms occur in high frequency (Figure 3).16,22,26,27 The median age at which hemizygous males die due to aneurysms is about 200 days.28 Osteoarthritis, particularly of the stifle joint, is found in hemizygous males over 3.5 months of age.29 Emphysematous pulmonary changes also are evident in these males.29
Animal Models of Osteoarthritis
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Theodore R. Oegema, Denise Visco
Diagnostic ultrasound also allows evaluation of internal components of synovial joints, but is limited to medium to large joints and is extremely operator dependent. The normal ultrasonic appearance of the canine stifle joint has been described,47 however, the ultrasonic appearance of the arthritic joint has not been previously described.
Methods for Evaluating Articular Cartilage Quality
Published in Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi, Articular Cartilage, 2017
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi
The disadvantages of using large animal models include ethical and logistic issues, such as the following: Larger animals are costly since they take longer to reach maturity and require greater resources in husbandry. Similarly, surgical support for larger animals is more expensive and complex.For large animals, it is difficult to restrict mobility after surgery, and the newly implanted tissues may be subjected to deleterious compressive and shear loads immediately. Immobilization strategies are complicated and sometimes not possible for large animals. A hammer sling has been utilized for sheep and goats after surgery of the stifle joint (which corresponds to the knee joint of humans). In contrast, postsurgical load bearing in the horse is generally immediate because excessive weight bearing (e.g., loads shifted onto the nonimmobilized leg) can cause laminitis, a serious and debilitating condition.
A Large Segmental Mid-Diaphyseal Femoral Defect Sheep Model: Surgical Technique
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
David S. Margolis, Gerardo Figueroa, Efren Barron Villalobos, Jordan L. Smith, Cynthia J. Doane, David A. Gonzales, John A. Szivek
In patients, an intramedullary device can be placed in an antegrade or retrograde fashion to treat mid-diaphyseal femur defects. An antegrade nail is typically performed in this scenario to avoid penetrating the knee joint. Preliminary studies in our lab demonstrated that the sheep sciatic nerve was draped in the saddle between the femoral head and trochlea, medial to the trochanter. This precluded access of the central axis of the femur in an antegrade fashion using a straight intramedullary nail. The trochanter of the sheep is too lateral to the central axis of the femur to use a trochanteric entry nail. The sheep stifle joint has anatomy similar to humans with differences that do not prevent passage of a retrograde nail into the femur [21]. The axis of the femur needed for nailing passes through the trochlea in a bare cartilaginous area that is not engaged by the patella until the stifle is placed in high flexion, similar to a human, and there are no ligaments at risk [21].
Ficus deltoidea promotes bone formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Nurdiana Samsulrizal, Yong-Meng Goh, Hafandi Ahmad, Sulaiman Md Dom, Nur Syimal’ain Azmi, Noor Syaffinaz NoorMohamad Zin, Mahdi Ebrahimi
A total of 24 male rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). The assigned groups were as follows: normal control rats received saline (NC), diabetic control rats received saline (DC), Diabetic rats treated with 1000 mg/kg b.w. of metformin (DMET) and diabetic rats treated with 1000 mg/kg b.w. of F. deltoidea (DFD). Treatments were given via oral gavage once daily for a 56-day duration. At the end of the experiment, all animals fasted overnight and blood glucose levels were measured. Animals were then anaesthetised with ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (8 mg/kg), followed by terminal exsanguination. The femur and tibia were separated by cutting at the stifle joint. Blood samples (10–15 mL) were collected via cardiac puncture from the rats into a plain red-top tube containing no anticoagulants (BD Vacutainer®, USA). The blood samples were then centrifuged at 4000 g for 15 min, and serum was stored in aliquots at −80 °C.