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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Miyauchi (1976) refers to spinalis cervicis as interspinalis cervicalis longus. Spinalis thoracis may be referred to as spinalis dorsi and spinalis cervicis may be referred to as spinalis colli (Macalister 1875).
Non-Synonyms (Similar-Sounding)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Medulla spinalis (Hensyl, 1982, p. 845): The spinal cord. It may have originally been named “medulla” because it was soft and found inside the vertebrae, just as the bone marrow (“medulla ossium”—ibid.) is soft and found inside many bones.
The Skin and Muscles of the Back
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
The spinalis muscle can be identified by the fact that its individual muscle bundles arise from, and insert upon vertebral spines. It is best seen in the mid-thoracic region. Even there, its more lateral fibers blend with the adjacent longissimus muscle.
Association between subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced hydrocephalus and hydromyelia: pathophysiological changes developed in an experimental model
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
A ‘craniospinal pressure dissociation’ theory was postulated by Williams [6]. This theory posited that significant pressure changes during daily activities may increase the intrathoracic pressure, as reflected in the spinal CSF through the epidural spinal veins [6]. The CSF flow from the cranial to the SAS reflects expansile brain motion during the cardiac cycle, especially in the arterial pulse. A syrinx cavity is frequently accompanied by a myelomalacia area. The progression of a syrinx cavity transmits the pressure to the medulla spinalis surface. The syrinx does not require communication between the central channel and the ventricular system. The dorsal root entry zone and the perivascular spaces can influence the communication between the central channel and extracellular spaces of the medulla spinalis. This mechanism can play a primary role in compensating for the changes occurring in the perimedullary CSF flow. However, pathologies and iatrogenic conditions, such as spinal meningitis, SAH, peridural anesthesia, intramedullary spinal surgery, infarction, trauma, and spinal injuries, frequently cause arachnoid scarring that impaired this mechanism [24,25]. Both parenchymal (extracanalicular) syringes and paracentral dissections of central channel syringes are lined with glial or fibroglial tissues that are frequently ruptured into the SAS. The fibroglial tissue is characterized by Wallerian degeneration, neuronophagia, and central chromatolysis. The clinical presentation in patients varies depending on the affected tracts and nuclei with this cavity [2,24,25].
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases in patients with ochronotic arthropathy
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Tuba Yuce Inel, Pelin Teke Kisa, Ali Balci, Sadettin Uslu, Zumrut Arslan, Burcu Ozturk Hismi, Ulku Ucar, Nur Arslan, Fatos Onen, Ismail Sari
All eight patients had chronic axial pain, and three (37.5%) had an inflammatory type of pain character. On examination, spinal movements were restricted in all patients, and the median BASMI score was 5 (4.2–6.4). One patient underwent laminectomy and discectomy due to medulla spinalis compression. Loss of height was observed in seven patients (87.5%). The median height loss of patients was 8 (0–11) centimeters. Spinal X-rays showed all patients had varying degrees of degenerative changes in the cervical (87.5%), lumbar (100%), and thoracic (100%) segments. All patients had narrowing of disk space and intervertebral disc calcifications at multiple segments (Figure 1(A)). Reversal of the lumbar lordosis on X-rays and MRI was observed in all patients (Figure 1(C)). Spinal MRI documented degenerative changes but also identified corner inflammatory lesions (CILs) in three patients (37.5%). Two patients (25%) had at least three CILs in their spines. Radiographic sacroiliitis, according to the mNYc and MRI (active sacroiliitis) was present in two (25%) and five (62.5%) patients respectively. Table 2 summarizes the MRI findings of the patients.
Lumbopelvic Fixation Versus Novel Adjustable Plate for Sacral Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Ruipeng Zhang, Yingchao Yin, Shilun Li, Ao Li, Zhiyong Hou, Yingze Zhang
For the patients in group A, a posterior middle incision was conducted from the L3 (third lumbar vertebra) or L4 (fourth lumbar vertebra) to the S3 (third sacral vertebra) or S4 (fourth sacral vertebra) segment according to the level of the fracture line. Subcutaneous soft tissues were separated to the level of the lumbodorsal fascia. Longitudinal spilt of the lumbodorsal fascia was conducted along the connection of the facet joints. Surgical exposure was conducted along the gap of spinalis and longissimus in the superficial muscle layers. Then, the ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine parapophysis and facet joint of L4 and L5 (fifth lumbar vertebra) could be exposed directly through the gap of multifidus and longissimus in the deep layer of muscles. The Universal Spinal System (USS, Synthes, Switzerland) was employed to accomplish lumbar polyaxial pedicle screw placement in L4 and L5 vertebra. The highest point of ipsilateral PSIS was then perforated with an awl. Pedicle probes were predrilled to create a channel from the perforated point to the anterior cortex (Figure 1A). A greater than 5- to 7-cm deep probe should be forbidden to lower the rate of iatrogenic injury. Then, polyaxial pedicle screws of suitable length were inserted to the preformed channels. A precurved longitudinal rod was placed into the pedicle polyaxial screws. The nuts were tightened after the sacral fractures were reduced under the supervision of the C-arm (Figure 1B). Layered wound closure was performed after drain insertion.