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The Skin and Muscles of the Back
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
The longissimus is the intermediate part of the erector spinae group and is the largest and longest segment of the intrinsic musculature; it can be seen to extend from the lumbar region to the base of the skull. Its fibers blend medially with the spinalis in the thoracic region; they intermingle laterally with the various parts of the iliocostalis muscle in the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions.
Measurement of Calcium Accumulation by Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Whole Homogenate ̶ A Potential Diagnostic Test for Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility
Published in S. Tsuyoshi Ohnishi, Tomoko Ohnishi, Malignant Hyperthermia, 1994
Khay S. Cheah, A. M. Cheah, J. E. Fletcher, H. Rosenberg
Ten percent muscle homogenates were prepared by mincing muscles with a pair of scissors in a medium (pH 7.4) containing 300 mM sucrose and 10 mM Tris-HCl in ice and then homogenizing the muscles with three passes of the Teflon® pestle in a Thomas glass homogenizer (size B) in a cold room (4°C). The muscle homogenate preparations were then kept in ice for 2 h (control) before being used for the Ca2+ accumulation experiments. Human biopsy samples of vastus lateralis, kept at 21°C in Krebs Ringer solution (pH 7.4) and continuously bubbled with a mixture of O2 (95%) and CO2 (5%), were used for the muscle homogenate preparations within 30 min of obtaining the samples from the operating room. Postmortem samples of longissimus dorsi were used within 3 min of obtaining the muscle samples.
Nina: The Use of Potent Opioids in a Complex Chronic Pain Patient
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
Her next visit was on 3/27/96. At this visit, the patient stated that she was doing much better. She was told to stop her Ovral® and continue with the Estratest®. She also stated that the female hormone regimen had not produced any increase in her sex drive. She was noted to be in moderate distress and much brighter and less stressed than on numerous recent visits. Pain symptomatology was similar to previous visits as listed on the pain chart; pain level on the visual analogue scale was down to 60% of the worst it had ever been. Sitting tolerance was 30 minutes, standing tolerance was 30 minutes, and walking tolerance was 1 hour. Pain was still rated at severe and constant. One additional area of pain had been added to the pain chart and that was in the paraspinal muscles on the right side from T8 to T12, in the area of the longissimus thoracis. On the back of the doctor-drawn pain chart, this last area mentioned was highlighted and had a radiating component down to the lateral aspect of her right buttock. The patient was premedicated with 4 mg of Dilaudid® plus 25 mg of Benadryl® and 0.5 cc of 2% Xylocaine®. Myofascial trigger points were injected in the right T4 iliocostalis thoracis and longissimus thoracis, left T4 iliocostalis thoracis, and left T4 longissimus thoracis. There was a minimum of local twitch responses and a minimum of jump signs associated with this procedure. She had been changed to the 50-μg/hour Duragesic® patches on 3/11/96. However, because of the subsequent intensity of her pains once she attempted that dosing, she remained at the 100-μg/hour intake through the end of April 1996.
Feasibility of microwave ablation of the vertebral growth plate for spine growth regulation: a preliminary study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Zhi-Shan Du, Ying-Song Wang, Jing-Ming Xie, Tao Li, Zhi-Yue Shi, Qiu-An Lu, Ying Zhang, Zhi Zhao, Ni Bi, Zhi-Bo Song, Ting-Biao Zhu
The location of the intervertebral disks was confirmed by C-arm X-ray scanning, and the corresponding body surface was marked. The incision was located ∼1.5 cm from the spinous process, and the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and thoracolumbar dorsal fascia were incised in sequence. The interspace between multifidus and longissimus muscles was bluntly separated to reach the facet joint. The soft tissue was removed by nucleus pulposus forceps; thereafter, the facet joints and intervertebral disks were fully exposed. The paradisiacal soft tissue was separated laterally, and the growth plate punctured at a 45° angle at the junction between the posterior and anterior edges of the intervertebral disk with a Kirschner needle, which was subsequently replaced with an MWA needle (Figure 2). Three thermometric probes were placed separately at the posterior, lateral, and anterior edges of the puncture site of the intervertebral disk to monitor the temperature variation during ablation (Figure 2). When inserting thermocouples, make sure the tip of the thermocouple is 5 mm away from the MWA probe to avoid direct heating of the thermocouple.
Age-related degeneration of lumbar muscle morphology in healthy younger versus older men
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Alexander Dallaway, John Hattersley, Michael Diokno, Jason Tallis, Derek Renshaw, Adrian Wilson, Sarah Wayte, Andrew Weedall, Michael Duncan
Another explanation as to why the ES and QL atrophy considers their fundamental anatomy and biomechanics. The QL and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) of the ES act in the coronal plane due to their lateral positioning [103,104]. Greater trunk excursions in the coronal plane contribute to larger lateral flexion moments [105]. As older adults exhibit reduced coronal plane trunk motion during everyday activities such as walking [106,107], it is likely that the subsequently lower mechanical demands are an insufficient stimulus to attenuate muscle atrophy in the QL and IL. The longissimus muscle of the ES acts primarily in the sagittal plane [108] and with advancing age this extensor muscle is solicited more due to postural changes increasing the thoracolumbar bending moment [109]. It is unknown from the current analysis how much ES atrophy was attributed to a diminished longissimus, however, these findings highlight the potential for a change in planar motion with aging.
Lumbopelvic Fixation Versus Novel Adjustable Plate for Sacral Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Ruipeng Zhang, Yingchao Yin, Shilun Li, Ao Li, Zhiyong Hou, Yingze Zhang
For the patients in group A, a posterior middle incision was conducted from the L3 (third lumbar vertebra) or L4 (fourth lumbar vertebra) to the S3 (third sacral vertebra) or S4 (fourth sacral vertebra) segment according to the level of the fracture line. Subcutaneous soft tissues were separated to the level of the lumbodorsal fascia. Longitudinal spilt of the lumbodorsal fascia was conducted along the connection of the facet joints. Surgical exposure was conducted along the gap of spinalis and longissimus in the superficial muscle layers. Then, the ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine parapophysis and facet joint of L4 and L5 (fifth lumbar vertebra) could be exposed directly through the gap of multifidus and longissimus in the deep layer of muscles. The Universal Spinal System (USS, Synthes, Switzerland) was employed to accomplish lumbar polyaxial pedicle screw placement in L4 and L5 vertebra. The highest point of ipsilateral PSIS was then perforated with an awl. Pedicle probes were predrilled to create a channel from the perforated point to the anterior cortex (Figure 1A). A greater than 5- to 7-cm deep probe should be forbidden to lower the rate of iatrogenic injury. Then, polyaxial pedicle screws of suitable length were inserted to the preformed channels. A precurved longitudinal rod was placed into the pedicle polyaxial screws. The nuts were tightened after the sacral fractures were reduced under the supervision of the C-arm (Figure 1B). Layered wound closure was performed after drain insertion.