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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
A second lamella under the medial part of semispinalis capitis extending from one or more of the thoracic vertebrae to the occipital bone may be present (Bergman et al. 1988; Bakkum and Miller 2016). There may be accessory bundles that connect to the nuchal ligament or run between semispinalis capitis and rectus capitis posterior major (Macalister 1875; Rickenbacher et al. 1985). An accessory muscle that runs parallel to semispinalis capitis may be present extending between the transverse process of the axis to the occipital bone (Macalister 1875; Rickenbacher et al. 1985).
Anatomy of the head and neck
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis are part of a group of deep muscles of the back, functioning when movement of the vertebral column and the head on the cervical spine is initiated. It is important to appreciate that they are parts of the upper end of a long column of muscle that extends up the back of the abdomen, the thorax and the neck. This column occupies the vertical hollow, or groove, on either side of the spine, collectively referred to as the erector spinae muscle, a highly complex grouping in both its structure and function.
The Skin and Muscles of the Back
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
The semispinalis muscle includes the semispinalis thoracis, cervicis and capitis - each part named according to its location. Semispinalis muscle bundles typically arise from the transverse process of one vertebra and ascend about six vertebral levels to insert upon a spinous process. In the dorsum of the neck, the semispinalis capitis forms a thick, vertically oriented layer of muscle lying just deep to the splenius muscle.
Dry needling as a novel intervention for cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus: a case study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Aaron Womack, Raymond Butts, James Dunning
The physical examination (PE) was conducted by a physical therapist with 20 years of experience, certified in spinal manipulation and dry needling. Additionally, the therapist was a fellow-in-training in an accredited manual physical therapy fellowship program. The patient demonstrated full cervical AROM, and cervical myotome, dermatome, and cranial nerve screening were negative. While palpation of the cervical paraspinals, upper trapezius, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major and rectus capitis posterior minor muscles seemed to provoke the patient’s headache and tinnitus, the sternocleidomastoid, masseter, temporalis, and frontalis muscles did not. Additionally, she did not present with temporomandibular joint pain or increased tinnitus with active jaw movement. The patient reported occasional, diffuse pain in the posterior occipital region, but she was not tender to palpation in that region during the PE. Although the patient presented with lower cervical and upper thoracic pain, palpation and passive joint mobility testing of the lower cervical and upper thoracic region had no effect on her headache or tinnitus symptoms.
Repeatability of electromyography normalization of the neck and shoulder muscles in symptomatic office workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018
Montakarn Chaikumarn, Nuttika Nakphet, Prawit Janwantanakul
In this study, we used SEMG because it was practical to obtain the signal during VDU work. However, SEMG has limitations in the assessment of superficial muscles [43]. There were differences in the biomechanical models corresponding to the muscle and electrode sites [21,27]. Sommerich et al. [24] indicated that a surface electrode located at the C4/5 level could access the semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis and trapezius. However, they reported that the trapezius did not contribute to head or neck motion or stabilization at that site (C4/5). Therefore, in this study we chose to place the surface electrodes at the C4/5 level for the cervical erector spinae under the assumption that the same neck muscle group could perform a similar function to neck extension. Further study is needed to address this issue and could replicate this study in other deep muscles via an invasive technique.
Distribution of intervertebral compression and shear forces in the cervical spine during isometric tasks
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
B. Fréchède, R. Kamalifard, R. Dumas
The recruitment patterns (Figure 1) presented some similarities between studies. The main forces were predicted in the sternocleidomastoid and hyoid muscles in flexion and in the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and levator scapulae muscles in extension. Differences in the magnitudes of the hyoid muscles forces could be explained by different modelling hypotheses regarding these muscles in the three models. Although sometimes not accounted for, these muscles may have a significant contribution in flexion tasks (Lamouri and Fréchède 2013).