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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Iliocostalis is partitioned into iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, and iliocostalis cervicis, which are all continuous with each other (Standring 2016). The lumbar portion of iliocostalis lumborum originate from the transverse processes of the first four lumbar vertebrae and the thoracolumbar fascia and inserts onto the iliac crest (Standring 2016). The thoracic portion of iliocostalis lumborum originates via tendons from the angles of the lower eight or nine ribs, and its bundles converge into an aponeurosis that inserts onto the iliac crest (Standring 2016). Iliocostalis thoracis originates from the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and from the first six ribs and inserts onto the lower six ribs (Standring 2016). It also has fascicular attachments to the common erector spinae tendon (Gale et al. 2016). Iliocostalis cervicis originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae four through six and attaches to the angles of ribs three through six (Standring 2016).
Sally’s Story: Opioid Usage Over a Number of Years in a Chronic Pain Patient
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
Toward the end of the physical examination, she was placed in the prone (on her belly) position on the exam table to palpate muscles along the spine on both sides. The iliocostalis thoracis and longissimus thoracis muscles were palpated from T1 to T12 on both sides. The longissimus thoracis revealed taut bands and tenderness on both sides at T4, T6, T10, and Til. Jump signs occurred when the muscle was palpated at T6 and T11 on the right and at T10–11 on the left. When pressure was applied to the right T11 myofascial trigger point, Sally complained of pain radiating up the back to her right shoulder and down the back and into her right leg. Examination of the iliocostalis thoracis showed tenderness at T3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and T11. When the iliocostalis thoracis myofascial trigger points at T6, 8, 9, and T11 were palpated, the tenderness response was extreme, with the patient demonstrating marked jump signs. The referral of pain from all of these was pronounced and reported in right shoulder blade, right side of the chest, right side of the upper and lower abdomen, right low back, sacroiliac joint, right buttock, and down the outside and back of the right leg to the foot.
Trunk
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The erector spinae group mainly extends the vertebral column when both sides work together, and bends the vertebral column laterally toward the side that is active when only one side is contracted. This group is divided into three muscles: The spinalis runs from spinous processes to spinous processes, covering the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical regions; the longissimus runs from the sacrum to the transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, as well as to the mastoid process of the temporal bone via the longissimus capitis bundle; and lastly, as its name indicates, the iliocostalis runs from the ilium (iliac crest) to the ribs (costae).
Kinematic and electromyography analysis of paraplegic gait with the assistance of mechanical orthosis and walker
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Mina Baniasad, Farzam Farahmand, Mokhtar Arazpour, Hassan Zohoor
The surface EMG data was recorded bilaterally from the TUEM using a radio telemetry device (Myon Ltd, Switzerland) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.2 uV and a fixed gain of 1000. The skin was dry-shaved, abraded and cleaned by alcohol pad. Pairs of Ag/AgCl disc electrodes with a solid gel diameter of 10 mm and an inter-electrode distance of 20 mm were used in bipolar configuration over the muscle belly and parallel to muscle fibers. Electrode placements were based on the guidelines suggested by McGill et al.22 and others.23–26 The muscles under study included the Triceps Long Head (TC), Posterior Deltoid (PD), sternal portion of Pectoralis Major (PM), Latissimus Dorsi (LD), Lower Trapezius (LT), Longissimus (LG), Iliocostalis (IC), Quadratus Lumborum (QL), External Oblique (EO), Internal Oblique (IO) and Rectus Abdominis (RA). These muscles were selected based on the results of our previous study27 which showed they have considerable EMG activities during paraplegic gait.
Does change in isolated lumbar extensor muscle function correlate with good clinical outcome? A secondary analysis of data on change in isolated lumbar extension strength, pain, and disability in chronic low back pain
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2019
James Steele, James Fisher, Craig Perrin, Rebecca Conway, Stewart Bruce-Low, Dave Smith
These findings might be expected as prior reviews report a lack of evidence for consistent associations between decrease in functional performance (i.e., deconditioning) and development or presence of chronic low back pain [9,10]. However, these reviews lacked consideration of the specific component that was deconditioned [11]. A more recent review re-appraised the evidence regarding the specific role of deconditioning of the lumbar extensor muscles (i.e., thoracic and lumbar erector spinae, including the iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus thoracis, the multifidus, and also the quadratus lumborum when contracted bilaterally [11]). There appears to be consistent evidence that deconditioning of these muscles (reduced lumbar extension strength/endurance, atrophy, and excessive fatigability) is associated with chronic low back pain, and this deconditioning may be involved in the multifactorial symptoms and dysfunctions present in chronic low back pain [11]. Further, this relationship may find its origins in our evolutionary past [12].
Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers in healthy adults during prone on elbow planking exercises with and without a fitness ball
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
James W. Youdas, Kendra C. Coleman, Erin E. Holstad, Stephanie D. Long, Nicole L. Veldkamp, John H. Hollman
Previous studies have investigated muscle activation during prone plank on the floor (PPOF) and prone plank on a ball (PPOB) (Ekstrom et al. 2007, 2008; Lehman et al. 2005). However, to our knowledge, research has not been conducted examining muscle activation during stir-the-pot (STP) and prone plank on ball with hip extension (PPHE). These two movements are of particular interest because of challenges to trunk stabilization with simultaneous movements of the extremities. Therefore, this present study is unique because in addition to examining the muscle activation for PPOF and PPOB, STP and PPHE were specifically examined. The purpose of this study was to quantify the muscle activation (%MVIC) of the right iliocostalis lumborum (IL), longissimus thoracis (LT), lumbar multifidus (LM), LD, gluteus maximus (GM), hamstrings (HS), RA, EO, internal oblique (IO), and serratus anterior (SA) during four planking exercises. Of the four exercises studied, we hypothesized that STP and PPHE would generate the highest levels of EMG activity because of the concomitant demand for trunk stability and distal mobility of the extremities.