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Dermatitides
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Allison Perz, Tara Jennings, Robert Duffy, Warren Heymann
Overview: SD may be an inflammatory response to the overgrowth of the normal skin yeast Malassezia; however, this has not been proved. Possible overactivity of the sebaceous glands may also play a contributory role. Severe cases of SD may be observed in patients with Parkinson disease or HIV infection.
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Sweat or sebum. Sweat is secreted by sebaceous glands in humans. Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands found over the entire surface of the body except the palms, soles, and dorsum of the feet. They are abundant in the face and scalp where they are the sites of acne. The normal function of sebaceous glands is to produce and secrete sebum, a group of complex oils including triglycerides and fatty acid breakdown products, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol esters, and cholesterol (139).
An introduction to skin and skin disease
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
The hair shaft grows from highly active, modified epidermal tissue known as the hair matrix. The shaft traverses the hair follicle canal, which is made up of a series of investing epidermal sheaths, the most prominent of which is the external root sheath (Figure 1.5). The whole follicular structure is nourished by a small, indenting cellular and vascular connective tissue papilla, which pokes into the base of the matrix. The sebaceous gland secretes into the hair canal a lipid-rich substance known as sebum, whose function is to lubricate the hair. Sebum contains triglycerides, cholesterol esters, wax esters, and squalene. Hair growth and sebum secretion are mainly under the control of androgens, although other physiological variables may also influence these functions.
Anti-ageing peptides and proteins for topical applications: a review
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Mengyang Liu, Shuo Chen, Zhiwen Zhang, Hongyu Li, Guiju Sun, Naibo Yin, Jingyuan Wen
Glands are partial appendages, and the sebaceous glands are the small oil-producing glands directly open to the skin's surface and attach to hair follicles. These glands are most abundant on the scalp and face. They secrete an antibacterial substance known as sebum, a mixture of free fatty acids, glycerides, and cholesterol (Wertz 2018). Sebum acts as a lubricant and is the source of SC plasticizing lipids. The essential function of sebum is to maintain the pH of the skin’s surface (Ma et al. 2019). Sweat glands are present in the lower layers of the dermis and are responsible for temperature regulation. Distributed all over the body, except around the areola, secretions from sweat glands are a diluted salt solution with a pH of around 5 (Ma et al. 2019). Conversely, the apocrine glands are only located in areas such as the armpit and perianal, and they are usually larger than other counterparts (Farah et al. 2020). These appendages also change during puberty, affecting the permeation of the skin (Hirt et al. 2019).
Efficacy of a one-session fractional picosecond 1064-nm laser for the treatment of atrophic acne scar and enlarged facial pores
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Thanaporn Puaratanaarunkon, Pravit Asawanonda
Uneven skin texture has raised significant aesthetic concerns and can be a source of a negative impact on psychosocial well-being of individuals. In particular, acne vulgaris or acne prone skin patients who have high activity of sebaceous glands mostly deal with the disruption of skin surface, ranging from minimal visible depression from enlarged pores to more obvious disfigurement, like acne scar. High amounts of sebum excretion prominently enlarges the facial pores, which represent an opening of pilosebaceous units (1). These dynamic structures are also influenced by various factors including ethnicity, sex hormones, loss of elasticity and increased hair follicle volume (2,3). The prevalence of conspicuous pores is high among acne-prone patients owing to the hyperkeratinization process, which is one of the causes of pore formation. Furthermore, the inflammation of acne combined with the damage of elastic and collagen fibers induce fibrosis and a change in skin texture ultimately resulting in acne scar (4).
Treatment of refractory acne using selective sebaceous gland electro-thermolysis combined with non-thermal plasma
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Xiaojin Wu, Yali Yang, Yutong Wang, Haoyu Wang, Ying Zheng, Jun Chen, Hui Xu
Selective sebaceous gland photothermolysis was first reported by Lloyd et al. as an effective way to treat acne (10). Paithankar et al. proved the efficacy of optical particle assisted selective sebaceous gland photothermolysis (11). It seems to be a promising way to treat acne as the lesioned sebaceous glands were destroyed. However, there’s still doubts on whether untreated sebaceous gland may be triggered under stimulations, such as C. acne. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been introduced during the past decade in various biological and medical fields such as cancer treatment, bactericidal sterilization, and cell growth inhibition. Ali et al. proved its ability to inactivate C. acnes even in its biofilm (12). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), ions, radicals, and ultraviolet (UV) generated by NTP may contribute to the damage of membrane and cellular organelles and cause microbial etching and erosion (13). Nevertheless, very limited research has been done concerning the effect of NTP on acne patients.