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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Psoas major is associated with several named accessory slips and muscles. Jelev et al. (2005) describe an accessory iliopsoas muscle that resulted from the connection between an accessory iliacus muscle and an accessory psoas major. Psoas quartus (Figure 4.3) has been observed originating from the medial aspect of quadratus lumborum and the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the right side of one cadaver, and via two slips from the transverse processes of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae on the left side (Clarkson and Rainy 1889). The muscle on both sides fused with the tendons of psoas major and psoas tertius. Tubbs et al. (2006c) note an origin from quadratus lumborum and the transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra. This muscle joins with iliacus and psoas or the tendon of psoas major at the level of the inguinal ligament (Tubbs et al. 2006c; Wong et al. 2019).
Visual Assessment of Postural Antecedents to Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
Anatomically, the femurs and tibiae will tend to be laterally rotated, and the deep lateral rotators, notably obturator internus, will be concentrically short. The hip flexors, notably the psoas major, are eccentrically loaded, often experienced as “tight” or occasionally painful.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The lumbar spine and pelvis are often involved in overuse injuries in sport. Low back pain is a common complaint in elite athletes and recreational sports people alike. Although the immediate pain usually resolves with rest, like most overuse injuries, the problem will return unless the root cause is determined and rectified. For example, in those sports that require a large anterior pelvic tilt to be maintained for long periods, the muscles responsible for this movement, mainly psoas major on the front of the pelvis, can become chronically shortened and prevent normal pelvic tilt from being achieved in the normal standing posture. Examples of such sports are rowing and cycling. However, low back problems can also occur in runners, since they need to maintain correct trunk and upper body posture while supporting themselves alternately on opposite legs during the running stride. This problem builds up slowly over a long time and the subtle change in posture may not be detected until it becomes severe enough to cause low back problems. For the trunk and upper body to remain upright in a standing position, the lumbar spine must hyperextend into increased lumbar lordosis to counteract the increased anterior tilt of the pelvis. Although this compensation does enable the upper trunk to maintain its normal position with respect to the rest of the body, it overloads the lumbar spine and predisposes it to overuse injury and the onset of low back pain.
Efficacy of interspinous device on adjacent segment degeneration after single level posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a minimum 2-year follow-up
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021
Kwang Ryeol Kim, Chang Kyu Lee, In Soo Kim
Recent studies have reported that paraspinal muscles play an important role in spine stability.9–14 The lumbar multifidus (MF), a back extensor, is a vital stabilizing muscle for functional units of the lumbar spine. Smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) of the MF is related to back pain and lumbar disc herniation.9,11,12 Erector spinae (ES) muscles also play an important role as back extensors.13 The psoas major (PM) functions not only as a back flexor, but also as a spine stabilizer by acting against the pull of deep postvertebral muscles.9,11,14 In addition, extensive degeneration and weakness of paraspinal muscles are believed to be risk factors for ASD.
The effects of exercise on perception of verticality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
Gozde Yagci, Yavuz Yakut, Engin Simsek
CSE training consisted of training the core, which has been defined as a box with the abdominals in the front, paraspinals and gluteals in the back, the diaphragm as the roof, and the pelvic floor and hip girdle musculature as the floor (Akuthota and Nadler, 2004). The core acts through the thoracolumbar fascia, which provides a connection between the upper and lower limbs, and also functions as a proprioceptor providing feedback about trunk positioning (Akuthota, Ferreiro, Moore, and Fredericson, 2008). CSE aims to enhance neuromuscular control, strength, and the endurance of core muscles that are essential for maintaining dynamic stability of the spine and trunk (Imai et al, 2010). The CSE program included respiratory control exercise, a neutral spinal position, scapular position, and neck–head position placement. Exercises gradually programmed to enhance the spinal, pelvic girdle, and shoulder girdle muscle stabilities and strengths (e.g., transversus abdominis, multifidus, diaphragm, oblique abdominal muscles, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, pelvic floor, rectus abdominis, back extensor, hamstring, and shoulder girdle muscles) in static body positions, as well as functional tasks in dynamic body positions.
Extra-articular hip impingement: clinical presentation, radiographic findings and surgical treatment outcomes
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
The iliopsoas tendon has been considered to be the conjoint tendon of the psoas major and iliacus muscles [7]. The psoas major is a long, fusiform muscle originating from the lumbar transverse processes, traversing distally over the anterior aspect of the hip joint, terminating in a tendon attaching to the lesser trochanter [7]. The iliacus muscle originates from the iliac fossa and iliac crest, traversing distally to join the lateral margin of the psoas major tendon [7]. The iliopsoas tendon lies immediately anterior to the hip joint, overlying the femoral head, bordered medially by the iliopectineal ridge and laterally by the anterior iliac spine [7].