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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
A divided iliopsoas tendon may contribute to snapping at the hip joint (Tatu et al. 2002; Shu and Safran 2011; Philippon et al. 2014; Saga and Takahashi 2016). An accessory iliacus tendon can mimic a tear of the iliopsoas tendon on MRI (Nguyen et al. 2013). The presence of accessory muscles or slips, such as iliacus minimus, may put tension on the femoral nerve that can result in pain at the hip or knee joints or the L2-L4 dermatomes (Spratt et al. 1996). Accessory slips of iliacus can compress the femoral nerve (Vázquez et al. 2007). Hypertrophy of iliacus and psoas major can distort the shape of the bladder and may be mistaken for pelvic lipomatosis (Chang 1978).
Hip pain
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
Psoas abscess is primarily seen in adults. Children often have no inciting event. The most common organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Other causes include gastrointestinal or urinary pathogens. Symptoms can be mild so diagnosis is often delayed. Median time to diagnosis has been reported as 22 days. The iliacus and psoas muscles are the main hip flexors and insert into the lesser trochanter.
Genetics
Published in Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn, Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
Peter Calder, Harish Hosalkar, Aresh Hashemi-Nejad
Haemophilia. Haemophilia is the oldest known hereditary bleeding disorder with an X-linked recessive inheritance. Haemophilia A has abnormal factor VIII and haemophilia B (Christmas disease) has abnormal factor IX. Because of deficiency of the clotting factor, patients present with abnormal bleeding spontaneously or following trauma. Typically, bleeds occur deep within muscles and in joints. The iliacus is the most commonly involved muscle, presenting with abdominal or hip pain, flexion deformity and swelling (pseudotumour) of the hip. Ultrasonography is very helpful in delineating the cause. Haemarthrosis presents with pain, swelling and restricted motion (most commonly in the knee). Acute medical management of the disease often includes factor replacement and splinting of the affected joints. It is important to determine the factor inhibitor level so that factor levels can be raised to at least one-fourth of the baseline in major bleeds. Some of the radiological features include osteopenia, thinning of the bones, overgrowth of bones and squaring of the patella.
Imaging changes following surgery for ischiofemoral impingement
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Munif Hatem, Richard Feng, Jordan Teel, Hal David Martin
Atrophy of the iliacus and psoas muscles has been reported following iliopsoas tenotomy in association with hip arthroscopy.11,12 However, these studies reported no significant difference in the mHHS relative to the amount of atrophy.11,12 In the present study, no correlation between the mHHS and the amount of iliopsoas atrophy was observed. The primary function of the iliopsoas muscle is hip flexion, and tenotomy or detachment from the LT could result in hip flexion weakness. In the present study, one patient reported hip flexion weakness in the early postoperative period, which was resolved at 4-month follow-up. Previous studies have reported improvement of hip flexor weakness by at least 8 weeks postoperatively after iliopsoas tendon release.13,14 Brandenburg et al reported a 19% reduction in seated hip flexion strength following iliopsoas tenotomy at the level of the hip joint.15 Those authors also reported no significant difference in hip flexion strength in the supine position when comparing the operated with the nonoperated side.15 The reinsertion of the iliopsoas onto the femur following the LT resection could prevent flexor weakness. While the technique for iliopsoas reinsertion following LT resection is published, clinical results on hip flexor strength are not reported.16
Physiotherapeutic assessment and management of overactive bladder syndrome: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Bartlomiej Burzynski, Tomasz Jurys, Karolina Kwiatkowska, Katarzyna Cempa, Andrzej Paradysz
Assessment examination of the lumbopelvic hip complex was then carried out with the patient lying on her back and her lower extremities fully extended. The physiotherapist performed palpation assessment in the anterolateral abdominal wall area using both hands. Muscle tension and pain were evaluated. During palpation, the patient reported any pain and defined its intensity using the NRS. The physiotherapist assessed the following areas with results presented in parentheses: 1) musculus rectus abdominis at the level of umbilicus on the left side (7/10) and right side (7/10); 2) musculus psoas major on the left side (0/10) and right side (5/10); musculus iliacus on the left side (0/10) and right side (8/10); 3) musculus transversus abdominis in the middle of the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and public symphysis on the left side (4/10) and right side (8/10); and 4) Abdominal palpation showed abnormalities in the tension of muscles generating intra-abdominal pressure, which may cause symptoms of urgency.
Effects of backrest and seat-pan inclination of tractor seat on biomechanical characteristics of lumbar, abdomen, leg and spine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Qichao Wang, Yihuan Huo, Zheng Xu, Wenjie Zhang, Yujun Shang, Hongmei Xu
In this study, the muscles with high activities, including gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, Rectus femoris, iliopsoas, vastus lateralis and sartorius, were analyzed, and those muscles with low activities or small muscle tissues were not taken into account. Gluteus maximus has a wide and thick quadrilateral shape, and mainly drives the extension and external rotation of the thigh. Semitendinosus is located at the back of the thigh and helps the extension of the hip joint and bending of the knee joint. Rectus femoris is located in the front of the thigh, whose main function is to extend the knee joint and bend the thigh. Iliopsoas is composed of psoas major muscle and iliacus, which is mainly responsible for the external rotation of the thigh and forward flexion of the pelvis and trunk. The sartorius is flat and banded, and is one of the longest in the leg muscles, starting from the anterior superior iliac spine, passing through the inner side of the knee joint, and finally to the inner side of the upper end of the tibia. The main function of sartorius is for the bending of the hip and knee.