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Anatomy of Lymphatic Drainage of the Limbs
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
José Luis Ciucci, Andrea Lourdes Mendoza
This nodal center, comprising one to three lymph nodes, is located at the level of the popliteal fossa and receives the lymphatic vessels of the leg's posteroexternal or posterior saphenous flow, leaning on the greater sciatic nerve. Efferent lymph flows stem from these lymph nodes toward deep popliteal nodes.
Anatomy of veins and lymphatics
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
Lower limb lymph nodes are a single anterior tibial node, six or seven popliteal nodes in the popliteal fossa, and 12–20 inguinal nodes in the femoral triangle. At a more proximal level are collections of iliac and para-aortic nodes.
Orthopaedics and Trauma, including Neurosurgery
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Samia Ijaz, Neil Russell, Tim Allen-Mersh, 300 Essentials SBAs in Surgery, 2017
Kaji Sritharan, Samia Ijaz, Neil Russell, Tim Allen-Mersh
The common peroneal nerve is a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve (which divides in the popliteal fossa to form the tibial and common peroneal nerves) and is derived from L4, L5, S1 and S2 nerve roots. The common peroneal nerve itself divides to form the superficial and deep peroneal nerves. The superficial peroneal nerve innervates muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (the foot evertors) and skin overlying the lateral aspect of the calf and dorsum of the foot. The deep peroneal nerve innervates muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (the foot/toe flexors) and skin in the first and second web space. Damage to the common peroneal nerve typically occurs at the level of the head of the fibula, where it is the most superficial. Symptoms include foot drop and numbness/tingling in the aforementioned distribution.
Effect of Adding Infiltration between The Popliteal Artery and Capsule of The Knee Block (IPACK) to Continuous Adductor Canal Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Hatem Mohammed Ahmed Abdo, Mohamed Saeed Abd Elaziz, Amr Essam Eldin Abd Elhamid, Amr Ahmed Kassem, Diaaeldein Mahmoud Haiba
After completing the CACB, the IPACK technique with ACB can be modified to allow for supine positioning, which eliminates the need to reposition and repeat prepping/draping. The patient is placed in a supine position with the knee flexed and the hip slightly abducted (frog-leg position). The popliteal fossa is scanned using a low-frequency curvilinear probe placed in a posteromedial position to visualize the tissue plane between the popliteal vessels and the femoral shaft proximal to the femoral condyles. The 22 G spinal needle is inserted in-plane in an anteromedial to posterolateral direction between the popliteal artery and femur until the needle tip lies no more than 2 cm beyond the lateral edge of the popliteal artery. Small aliquots of local anesthetic are infiltrated evenly in the plane between the popliteal artery and the femur. A total of 20 ml of bupivacaine 0.25% were injected [6].
Preliminary outcomes of combined surgical approach for lower extremity lymphedema: supraclavicular lymph node transfer and lymphaticovenular anastomosis
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Jae-Ho Chung, Yong-Jae Hwang, Seung-Ha Park, Eul-Sik Yoon
There are also many different opinions with regard to the recipient site for VLNT [13,24,25]. In general, the groin and popliteal fossa are considered a poor candidates for the recipient site, because it is theoretically unreasonable that the transferred lymph nodes absorb the lymph fluid against the force of gravity. Published literatures to date have suggested the dorsal crease of ankle as a main recipient site [3,5,27]. However, in this study, we used the posterior tibial artery as a recipient vessel due to several advantages. The posterior tibial artery is a traditionally used recipient site for the reconstruction of the lower extremity. It can preserve the distal circulation of the lower extremity when an anastomosis is performed in an end-to-side fashion. Also, it is advantageous to secure space for flap insetting, and leaves a less prominent scar than an anterior recipient site.
Impact of occupational lead exposure on nerve conduction study data
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Tülin Aktürk, Gülay Çeliker, Hikmet Saçmacı
Motor nerve conduction studies included median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial nerve studies. The median motor nerve was stimulated from the distal (wrist) and proximal (elbow) areas and recording was obtained from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The ulnar motor nerve conduction study was stimulated in the distal (wrist) and proximal (under elbow) areas and recording was obtained from the abductor digiti minimi muscle. The peroneal motor nerve was stimulated in distal (ankle) or proximal (knee) areas, respectively, and recording was made from the extensor digitorium brevis muscle. The tibial motor nerve was stimulated in distal (ankle) or proximal (popliteal fossa) areas, respectively, and a record was obtained from the abductor hallucis muscle. The distal motor latency was calculated as the time from stimulus to the initial compound muscle action potential (CMAP) deflection from baseline, and the amplitude of CMAP was measured from baseline to the negative peak.