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Biological Predictions from the Conduction Delay Hypothesis of Cerebral Lateralization
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
As an addendum to these results, Foundas et al. (1995) have recently reported, from an MRI study, that the asymmetry of the planum temporale (and the adjacent pars triangularis), typically found in right handers, is absent in left handers.
Preparing the Patient for the fMRI Study and Optimization of Paradigm Selection and Delivery
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
The frontal speech areas mostly comprise the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis) of the left hemisphere (Fig. 1A). Broadly, the frontal speech area is involved in speech production. Lesions to this area produce a halting, expressive, or nonfluent aphasia (also termed “Broca’s aphasia”). Most commonly, patients with expressive aphasias perform well on measures of speech comprehension but display agrammatic or telegraphic speech (simplified, staccato-like sentences).
Mechanisms of Recovery After Acquired Brain Injury
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
There is considerable evidence that perilesional areas of the left hemisphere can take over language functions in the weeks and months following a stroke. Saur et al. (2006) used repeated fMRI to study the dynamics of language recovery in 14 patients with aphasia. In the first days after stroke, there was very little activation of left hemisphere perilesional regions and none in the right hemisphere, with varying degrees of language impairment. In the peri-acute stage (about two weeks after stroke), however, a large increase of activation was seen in the language regions of both hemispheres, with peak activation in the right hemisphere Broca-homologue region. These upregulated areas also showed a high correlation with improved language. Finally, in the chronic stage a normalisation of activation with a re-shift of peak activation to left-hemispheric language areas was observed, associated with further language improvement. These neuroplastic changes after aphasia, namely the activation of spared left hemisphere language areas and new left hemisphere areas coupled with activations of homologue right hemisphere areas, is consistent across aphasic patients (Kiran, 2012; Turkeltaub et al., 2011). Although the role of intact perilesional regions in aphasia recovery has been firmly established, the recruitment of contralesional areas in the right hemisphere is more controversial. According to several authors, right hemisphere recruitment may only be partially adaptive (Szaflarski et al., 2013; Thiel et al., 2006; Winhuisen et al., 2005) and it has been suggested that activation of the right pars triangularis may even limit the recovery process, especially in the chronic stage (Naeser et al., 2011; Turkeltaub et al., 2012).
A preliminary study of atypical cortical change ability of dynamic whole-brain functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Brodmann area 45 (BA45)is the pars triangularis of the IFG.Together with BA44 andBA46, the BA45 comprises Broca’s area, which is active in semantic tasks (remains controversial).Furthermore, pars triangularis have a role in cognitive control of memory. Lesions of the BA45 may lead to the characteristic findings of expressive aphasia. Greater GMV in the IFG.Lis associated with reduced ASD symptoms severity [66]. Hypo-activation of the IFG during the perception of facial expressions has been reported as the evidence fora deficit of the mirror neuron system in children with ASD [67]. Mirror neuron system may have a role in imitation, empathy, theory of mind and language. Meanwhile, cortical thinning of the mirror neuron system was correlated with ASD symptom severity [68]. Cortical thinning was also observed in the areas involved in emotion recognition and social cognition.
A review of magnetoencephalography use in pediatric epilepsy: an update on best practice
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Hiroshi Otsubo, Hiroshi Ogawa, Elizabeth Pang, Simeon M Wong, George M Ibrahim, Elysa Widjaja
Language is a complex function that requires the integration of distributed brain regions. However, damage to the traditional language hubs in Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas will result in deficits in receptive and productive language functions, respectively. For this reason, it is still important to lateralize or localize these two critical hubs. Receptive language areas, involved in the comprehension of spoken or written words, are located in the dominant hemisphere, at the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus, extending to include the supramarginal and angular gyri (Brodmann Areas 22/30/40). In MEG, receptive language areas are activated by listening to single words or reading a written word. Expressive language areas, involved in the production of spoken or written language, are located on the dominant inferior frontal gyrus and encompassing pars opercularis and pars triangularis (Brodmann area 44/45).
Cognitive, Neuroanatomical, and Genetic Predictors of Executive Function in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2018
Jessica Pan, Kayle Sawyer, EmilyKate McDonough, Laura Slotpole, David Gansler
Functional neuroimaging and EEG studies of EF in preschool and school-aged children paralleled the findings in adult populations, highlighting the contributions of the prefrontal cortex, as well as more posterior and superior regions (Horowitz-Kraus, Holland, & Freund, 2016). In their meta-analysis, Horowitz-Kraus et al. (2016) identified common regions across EF tasks, including the superior frontal, middle frontal, inferior frontal, ventromedial prefrontal, precentral, superior marginal gyri, and the insula. McKenna et al.’s (2017) meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of inhibition, switching, and updating in pediatric populations also supported an integrative conceptualization of EF, with neural activation common across core EF processes. Common activation areas consisted of bilateral frontoparietal regions (i.e., cingulate cortex, superior and middle frontal gyri, and superior and inferior parietal gyri). Distinct right hemispheric regions for updating were found, including the middle and superior frontal gyri, pars triangularis, and pars opercularis. Finally, distinct left hemispheric areas unique to switching included the precentral gyrus and pars opercularis.