China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Preparing the Patient for the fMRI Study and Optimization of Paradigm Selection and Delivery
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
The frontal speech areas mostly comprise the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis) of the left hemisphere (Fig. 1A). Broadly, the frontal speech area is involved in speech production. Lesions to this area produce a halting, expressive, or nonfluent aphasia (also termed “Broca’s aphasia”). Most commonly, patients with expressive aphasias perform well on measures of speech comprehension but display agrammatic or telegraphic speech (simplified, staccato-like sentences).
Discussions (D)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Carpenter and Sutin are the only authors who were noted to describe the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus as a part of the uncinate fasciculus. They describe the latter as connecting several frontal gyri with the “anterior portions of the temporal lobe,” but then go on to state that “A deep placed part of this fasciculus is thought to connect the frontal and occipital lobes (i.e., inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus)” (1983, p. 37). To be consistent, therefore, they would have to broaden their description of the uncinate fasciculus to include connections between the frontal and occipital lobes as well.
Neuroanatomy of basic cognitive function
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Mark J. Ashley, Jessica G. Ashley, Matthew J. Ashley
Laterally, the DMN includes the parietal region ventral to the intraparietal sulcus encompassing the posterior inferior parietal lobule and the angular gyrus.190 The supramarginal gyrus, temporoparietal junction, and the lateral temporal lobe near the middle and inferior temporal gyri activate prominently. The lateral frontal lobe is also engaged in the inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri near Brodmann areas 47, 45, 8, 9, and 10.
Cortical Morphometry and Its Relationship with Cognitive Functions in Children after non-CNS Cancer
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Janine S. Spitzhüttl, Martin Kronbichler, Lisa Kronbichler, Valentin Benzing, Valerie Siegwart, Mirko Schmidt, Manuela Pastore-Wapp, Claus Kiefer, Nedelina Slavova, Michael Grotzer, Maja Steinlin, Claudia M. Roebers, Kurt Leibundgut, Regula Everts
The SPM neuromorphometrics atlas was chosen to identify the following brain regions, that: (a) brain regions with a prolonged developmental period (i.e., frontal and parietal areas),28 (b) brain regions with prolonged neurogenesis (i.e., basal ganglia),29 and (c) brain regions with a high density of glucocorticoid receptors (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala).30,31,44 Based on these criteria, 11 regions of interest were included in the analysis, namely the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus, putamen), accumbens, globus pallidus, cerebellum, brainstem, and the cerebellar white matter (regions of interest for brain areas with significant group differences are presented in S1). In addition, the frontal lobe that included the bilateral frontal pole, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, and the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, and the parietal lobe that included the bilateral superior parietal lobe, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and the bilateral angular gyrus were selected.
Evaluation of Memory and Language Network in Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment: A Combined Functional Connectivity and Voxel-based Morphometry Study
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
A Ankeeta, Rohit Saxena, S Senthil Kumaran, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Naranamangalam Raghunathan Jagannathan, Vaishna Narang
Activation of the cingulate sulcus and supplementary motor areas in both of these groups may be attributed to cognition, verb generation, attention and motor behaviour corresponding to their role in Braille reading and semantic retrieval.11,31,43 Activations in the prefrontal area, middle frontal gyrus (BA 9, 46) and inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45,47) in blind participants is indicative of word retrieval through the dorsal pathway with tactile and semantic encoding tasks44 and object naming31 associated with semantic language processes. Shifting of inferior frontal gyrus and increased BOLD responses in LB and EB adolescents may be due to lateralisation of the language areas. All participants may have been encoding the noun words (concrete or abstract nouns) into some object category followed by semantic processing. FC in EB and LB participants showed an increased range of connectivity with the hippocampus to language areas revealing the processing of Braille semantic and lexical components. The lateralisation of language processing is left lateralised and there is no change in this process.44
Increased cerebral blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex and fronto-orbital cortex during go/no-go task in children with ADHD
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Muharrem Burak Baytunca, Blaise de Frederick, Gul Unsel Bolat, Burcu Kardas, Sevim Berrin Inci, Melis Ipci, Cem Calli, Onur Özyurt, Dost Öngür, Serkan Süren, Eyüp Sabri Ercan
We identified three right-sided core clusters in the superior parietal lobe (BA7), middle/inferior frontal gyrus, and temporoparietal areas – including the posterior transverse temporal lobule (BA42), inferior parietal lobule (BA40) and supramarginal gyrus – in children with ADHD during the go session. It should be cautiously noted that the two latter clusters are within the ventral attention network. The ventral network consists of the TPJ (at the intersection of the posterior side of the superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and lateral occipital cortex), the ventral parts of supramarginal gyrus and middle/inferior frontal gyrus, as well as the frontal operculum and anterior insula. The ventral attention network is activated along with the dorsal attention network when a behaviorally relevant stimulus is presented [11,14]. In a visual sustained attention task-integrated ASL study, researchers have reported greater activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (BA8,9) bilateral occipital gyrus (BA18), right cuneus (BA18) and the left cingulate gyrus (BA32) when compared to the resting state in adults [9]. Additionally, a significant rCBF increase was reported in the right middle/inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobe, bilateral supplementary motor area/anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral basal ganglia/insula and the left sensorimotor cortex during a sustained attention task in an ASL study.