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Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Most authors of recent textbooks in basic neuroanatomy describe the superior frontal gyrus as extending from the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere over the superomedial margin onto the medial surface, including cortex all the way to the cingulate sulcus (e. g., C&S. p. 33, Nolt, p. 14; a&b. p. so [Fig. 3–6]; w&G, p. 208 [Fig. 5–24]. n&d, p. 7, 484 [Fig. 16–4]). Several other authors, however, describe this area on the medial surface of each hemisphere, extending back to the paracentral sulcus and down to the cingulate sulcus, as a separate gyms, called the “medial frontal gyms” (B&K. p. 217. W&W, p. 986 989; M&M, p. 54; also, “Gyrus frontal is medialis” in IANC, p. A71). Al least two authors are inconsistent in this regard. On p. 130, Romero-Sierra (1986) states that “The cortex anterior to the paracentral sulcus and anterosuperior to the cingulate sulcus is part of the superior frontal gyrus”, however, in Fig. 8–5 (p. 130), he labels this area as “medial frontal gyrus.” Similarly, Snell states that “The cingulate gyrus is separated from the superior frontal gyrus by the cingulate sulcus” (1980, p. 236); but. in Fig. 14–3 (ibid.), he labels that area as the “Medial frontal gyms.”
Neuroanatomy of basic cognitive function
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Mark J. Ashley, Jessica G. Ashley, Matthew J. Ashley
Laterally, the DMN includes the parietal region ventral to the intraparietal sulcus encompassing the posterior inferior parietal lobule and the angular gyrus.190 The supramarginal gyrus, temporoparietal junction, and the lateral temporal lobe near the middle and inferior temporal gyri activate prominently. The lateral frontal lobe is also engaged in the inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri near Brodmann areas 47, 45, 8, 9, and 10.
Children's Brain Trauma
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Personality change was associated with severity of injury in children 5–14 years old, rather than psychosocial variables. It is considered to be an affective dysregulation of the dorsal prefrontal cortex system, specifically the superior frontal gyrus (Max et al., 2006).
Cortical Morphometry and Its Relationship with Cognitive Functions in Children after non-CNS Cancer
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Janine S. Spitzhüttl, Martin Kronbichler, Lisa Kronbichler, Valentin Benzing, Valerie Siegwart, Mirko Schmidt, Manuela Pastore-Wapp, Claus Kiefer, Nedelina Slavova, Michael Grotzer, Maja Steinlin, Claudia M. Roebers, Kurt Leibundgut, Regula Everts
The SPM neuromorphometrics atlas was chosen to identify the following brain regions, that: (a) brain regions with a prolonged developmental period (i.e., frontal and parietal areas),28 (b) brain regions with prolonged neurogenesis (i.e., basal ganglia),29 and (c) brain regions with a high density of glucocorticoid receptors (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala).30,31,44 Based on these criteria, 11 regions of interest were included in the analysis, namely the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus, putamen), accumbens, globus pallidus, cerebellum, brainstem, and the cerebellar white matter (regions of interest for brain areas with significant group differences are presented in S1). In addition, the frontal lobe that included the bilateral frontal pole, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, and the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, and the parietal lobe that included the bilateral superior parietal lobe, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and the bilateral angular gyrus were selected.
The effect of intestinal glucose load on neural regulation of food craving
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Marion A. Stopyra, Hans-Christoph Friederich, Sebastian Sailer, Sabina Pauen, Martin Bendszus, Wolfgang Herzog, Joe J. Simon
The distraction from food compared to neutral objects activated a brain network known for attentional control and inhibition [41]. Specifically, the superior frontal gyrus and OFC have repeatedly been observed in tasks involving cognitive control [42]. Besides its involvement in reward and punishment, the OFC processes environmental circumstances in order to accommodate necessary behavioural changes [43]. Increased DLPFC activation might indicate increased attentional deployment during the distraction from food. In fact, the DLPFC is involved in the control of eating behaviour [44] and greater activation of the DLPFC during heightened food craving might reflect increased inhibitory control in response to food cues [45]. Our findings are in line with recent studies, in which a similar pattern of activation in obese and control subjects during the volitional control of appetite [46,47] and during the suppression of food cravings has been found [48]. Even though Yokum and colleagues [49] investigated different craving control strategies, they also found increased activation in prefrontal and superior frontal brain areas. Consequently, the conformity of neuroimaging findings might represent a general effect of food craving control rather than a specific cognitive strategy. Our observed fronto-parietal activation pattern during food distraction might be an indicator for self-regulatory processes in our participants.
Evaluating the safety profile of focused ultrasound and microbubble-mediated treatments to increase blood-brain barrier permeability
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Dallan McMahon, Charissa Poon, Kullervo Hynynen
Phase 1 clinical trials conducted at Sunnybrook Research Institute in Toronto, Canada, were the first to utilize transcranial ultrasound exposures with a multi-element hemispherical phased array. The first published results from these trials come from a study in which a presumed non-eloquent region, the superior frontal gyrus white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, was targeted in five patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Two stages of sonications, separated by one month, were performed, with the volume of targeted tissue doubling in the second stage. No participant presented with clinical symptoms believed to be related to the FUS+MB procedure during this study, nor displayed persistent increases in BBB permeability on CE-T1w imaging 24 h following the procedure. Two participants displayed hypointensities on T2*w images immediately following sonication that resolved within 24 h. Tests interrogating cognition and daily functioning revealed no clinically significant changes between pre- and three months post-treatment [60].