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Lacustrine Skeletal Taphonomy from Southeastern Tennessee
Published in Heather M. Garvin, Natalie R. Langley, Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology, 2019
Murray K. Marks, Jonathan D. Bethard, Darinka Mileusnic-Polchan
Though hindered by a difficult scene resulting in incomplete recovery and the long-term taphonomic effects of water exposure/movement, standard osteometric methods and a macroscopic evaluation was used to develop a biological profile. Intact portions of the os coxae (see Figure 12.2) and the overall gracile appearance of the intact radius and ulna corroborated the metric values for a “female” sex estimation. Age-at-death was estimated from the auricular surface and, though the retroauricular area was missing, an absence of billowing and presence of striae was consistent with a young adult age estimate. Ancestry was not assessed as the craniofacial skeleton, cranial base, and dentition were damaged or absent. Stature was calculated in Fordisc 2.0 using maximum radial and ulnar lengths of 20th century White females as a reference sample.
O
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Osteometry [Greek: osteo, bone + metron, measure] Comparative study of the measurements of human and animal bones was founded in 1795 by Charles White (1728–1813) who studied the relationship of the humerus to the forearm. His work was revived by William Lawrence (1783–1867) in 1817. Paul Broca (1824–1880) quoted the work of Lawrence in his own publication on the subject in 1862.
Modern Cross-Sectional Imaging in Anthropology
Published in Michael J. Thali M.D., Mark D. Viner, B. G. Brogdon, Brogdon's Forensic Radiology, 2010
Fabrice Dedouit, Norbert Telmon, Hervé Rousseau, Eric Crubézy, Francis Joffre, Daniel Rougé
Because the major features of sexual dimorphism (differ-ences in shape between males and females) develop during puberty, most forensic anthropologists agree that sex deter-mination from the skeleton is only practical for late teens or adults.22 Although sex differences have been quantified in fetal and child skeletons, they are subtle and highly variable until the secondary sex characteristics develop during the juvenile period. Race and sex differences must always be considered in age-estimation standards and decisions.30 When estimating age from the skeleton, one must remember that what has been analyzed in research is the skeletal age rather than birth certificate-based chronological age. The physiological processes that underlie aging are dependent on many internal and external influences including genetic make-up, health and nutritional status, and substance abuse. During growth, the situation becomes especially complex when age estimation is linked to bone lengths in children because no matter how much variation is incorporated, the potential is there to make errors. The same applies to remod-eling in adulthood. That is why it is so important to provide age ranges so that extremes are not omitted from the police list of missing victims and to provide a meaningful range in which there is a high probability (95%) that the true civil age will fall. Sex determination from the skeleton can be schematically carried out using morphological (osteoscopic) and metric (osteometric) traits.
The usability of the ratio of bi-humerus breadth to maximum pelvic breadth in sex estimation
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2022
E. Senol, C. Celik, I. Tamsel, A. Kaya, H. Guler, B. Karadayi
The multivariate statistical approaches have enabled researchers to combine these techniques with larger reference samples and simultaneously assist the forensic field through user-friendly software applications. The incorporation of multivariate statistical methods combined with larger reference samples into extensive computer applications has facilitated the regular availability of osteometric methods. Increasing the input variables included has resulted in increased rates of correct classification for both ancestry and sex prediction (Urbanová et al. 2014; Curate et al. 2021). With respect to software for skeletal sex estimation, there are, at least, three programs available, Fordisc 3 and CRANID, which use metric variables, and MorphoPASSE for the morphological os pubis and skull sex estimation. The DSP2 software (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v2) used for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae and on Linear Discriminant is stated to be a robust, reliable and new technique for sexing adults. In forensic anthropology cases, the risk of error is required to be minimal. Therefore, even if tools such as DSP are considered reliable, additional variables and studies are needed for some populations (Brůžek et al. 2017; Bertsatos et al. 2020; Santos et al. 2020).
Radiographic evaluation of the mandible to predict age and sex in subadults
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Due to the population-specificity of skeletal characteristics, population-specific osteometric standards are needed for sex and age estimation [8,9,14]. To our knowledge, there have been no published studies examining the use of the mandible for gender and age identification of the Turkish subadult population and no previous study has been conducted with such a large number of orthopanoramic radiographs, despite their wide availability.