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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Before considering the soft tissues of the face, one must first gain an appreciation of the bones to which they are attached. The bones not only offer protection to the eyes and brain, but also give structural support to the muscles and vasculature of the face itself. The true facial skeleton is made of fourteen bones; however, we shall also include the frontal bone in our discussion of facial osteology for practical purposes – bringing our number of bones up to fifteen.
Pathoanatomy of congenital clubfoot
Published in R. L. Mittal, Clubfoot, 2018
The angle of tibial torsion was measured by passing two pins, one proximally and the other distally, into the tibia. The tibia was fixed vertically and the ends of the pins were marked below and tibial torsion was measured by drawing parallelograms. The individual bones were dissected out and osteology of all the bones was studied. Head–body angle of the talus was measured by drawing two lines, one joining the center of the head of the talus and center of the anterior part of the body at the neck, and the second line joining the center of the anterior and posterior ends of the body. It was also done by the parallelogram principle. The talus and calcaneum were then sectioned to study their ossification centers.
The human ideal and the real
Published in Lesa Scholl, Medicine, Health and Being Human, 2018
European artists had difficulty because they were steeped in grand manner portraiture and they looked through the lens of Western aesthetics. Moreover, they could not distinguish between “accidental” (or cultural) differences and the “national” (or anatomical) indicators of race (Camper 1794, 14, 95). The solution to the lack of verisimilitude lay in anatomy, and especially osteology. Knowledge of the facial and cranial bones – “the truest basis” of the portrait – would prevent the artist from incorrectly blending the features of different races (96). Toward that end, Camper measured his own collection of skulls, including those of “apes, orangs, Negroes, the skull of a Hottentot, Madagascar, Celebese, Chinese, Monguller, Calmuck (Kalmyk), and diverse Europeans” with the hope that “differences might become more obvious” (50). From these activities, Camper formulated his well-known facial angle theory: the faces of classical Greek sculptures he measured at a 100-degree angle, while Roman sculptures were about 95; by comparison, the real-life European averaged at 80, the Kalmyk and Angolan at 70, the Orangutan at 58, and the tailed monkey at 42 (see Figures 9.8a and 9.8b).
Three-step Reduction Therapy of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Wang Decheng, Shi Hao, Wang Zhongwei, Li Jiaming, Yang Bin, Hai Yong
Osteology and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and lots of work. Currently, reduction with bolster and reduction of hyperextension are commonly applied in clinic. With the development of medicine, only depending on manual reduction was not sufficient to achieve a completely restore, like the height of injured centrum and malformation of spine. Furthermore, the biomechanical structure of spine cannot restore completely and even manifest lumbago and backache and delayed neuropathy in later period.11 In modern period, people are inclined to choose internal fixation of fracture reduction with the theory of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthesesfragen (AO) being spread. However, complications, like operation injury, neural or vascular injury, insufficient reduction, continuous lumbago and backache, and postoperative infection should be considered. According to the therapeutic principles of Chinese medicine like “same importance of muscle and bone” and “association of activity and inertia”, and modern Chinese medicine principles like “touch with hand and understand tacitly”, “pull and stretch to traction”, “angulation and fold the top” and “bend and stretch, adduction and abduction” were combined to modern clinical therapy. Then we put forward the theory of three-step reduction of thoracolumbar fracture.
Using virtual reality to complement and enhance anatomy education
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2019
Caroline Erolin, Luke Reid, Seaneen McDougall
In part four, participants were asked if they would use VR resources for viewing anatomical models if they were available in CAHID. Half of the participants said they would use such facilities ‘frequently’ and eight said they would do so ‘occasionally’, with just one participant choosing ‘rarely’. When asked what type of content they would be interested in seeing developed, most (13) opted for ‘interactive ‘dissectible’ models’, with three choosing ‘interactive animated models’, and two choosing ‘interactive models (such as those used in this study)’. Finally, participants were asked if there were any regions or topics that they thought would benefit from being available in VR. As expected, there were a wide range of answers, with most participants suggesting a range of topics and regions. Common themes that arose however included, the musculoskeletal system, juvenile osteology and embryology, clinical anatomy and pathology, and animations.
Observation on the closure of lambdoid suture in relation to age, sex and population variations using a novel radiographic technique – a prospective study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Ahmed Alhadi, Rakhi Issrani, Namdeo Prabhu, Mohammed Alhadi
The study population is quite small to form any regression equation.To know suture closure better and more accurately, various other modalities like osteology, histology may have to be combined with the present radiographic study.Studies of the ectocranial suture closure have the potential to miscalculate age and to overcome this, the study of both endocranial and ectocranial suture closure should be done [19].Region wise multicentric studies should be done in selected populations or geographic identical populations to remove various bias factors like climate, diet and nutrition.