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Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 14-month old girl was found to have breast tissue of 2.5 cm bilaterally (premature thelarche). No cause was found. Over the next 12 months, the breast tissue enlarged to 3 cm bilaterally. Her parents then viewed a documentary discussing the link between lavender oil and breast development and revealed to medical staff that the child was exposed to a substantial amount of lavender oil body products. Her daily exposure included lavender wipes (20 wipes/day), lavender shampoo (5 mL alternate days), lavender body wash (5 mL daily), lavender moisturizing cream (10 mL daily) and lavender skin soothing lotion (10 mL daily). Specific lavender oil concentrations were unknown. The breast tissue, which was ascribed to endocrine disrupting estrogenic effects of lavender, receded ‘immediately’ following cessation of these products (69).
Essential Oils and Volatiles in Bryophytes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Yoshinori Asakawa
They occur in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations (Duckett, 1986), and are absent from fewer than 10% of liverwort species. Variations occur in oil body size, shape, color, number, and distribution among taxa (Crandall-Stotler et al., 2008, 2009). The contents of the oil bodies are easily extracted with solvent; for example, by use of ultrasonic bath or just distillate the essential oil (Asakawa et al., 2013b; Asakawa and Ludwiczuk, 2013). The literature review shows that most of the scientific work on bryophyte chemistry concerns research on volatile compounds found in extracts than on essential oil (EO) composition. This is due to the fact that bryophytes are morphologically small plants and it is difficult to collect a sufficiently large amount of plant material for research (Ludwiczuk and Asakawa, 2014).
Food allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Soybeans, like peanuts, are legumes that contain multiple allergens. When examining specific IgE to ultracentrifugation components, the 2S and 7S fractions contain the primary allergens [41]. Gly m 1 is a 7-kDa allergen that is a component of the 7S fraction. The majority of soybean-allergic patients have soybean-specific IgE to Gly m 1. Gly m 1 has an acidic isoelectric point and sequence homology to a soybean seed 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein, soybean vacuolar protein P34. There are at least 16 distinct soybean-specific IgE binding epitopes along the amino acid sequence of this allergen. The Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor is a minor allergen. Gly m 5, β-conglycinin, belongs to the vicilin family of allergens and is thus homologous with peanut Ara h 1. Gly m 6 is a legumin allergen with homology to Ara h 3. Altogether, eight soybean allergens have been identified (Gly m 1 to Gly m 8).
Optimization of the extraction conditions and dermal toxicity of oil body fused with acidic fibroblast growth factor (OLAF)
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Yongxin Guo, Yaying Li, Qian Wu, Xinxin Lan, Guodong Chu, Weidong Qiang, Muhammad Noman, Tingting Gao, Jinnan Guo, Long Han, Jing Yang, Xiaokun Li, Linna Du
Recently, the oil body (OB) has been considered as a novel drug delivery system that can promote the skin absorption of drugs3. The OB, an elastic spheroid or ellipsoid subcellular organelle that stores oil in plant seeds, consists of outer phospholipids, oil body binding proteins and an inner liquid matrix (mainly triacylglycerol)4. Oleosin is the most important oil body binding protein located on the whole surface of the OB and plays a very important role in the processes of OB formation and decomposition5,6. Oleosin contains three basic domains: a central hydrophobic region, amphiphilic N-terminal region and a C-terminal region. Among the domains, the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are located on the surface of the OB, the negative charge of which does not allow the OB to accumulate, enhancing its stability. In addition, the unique structure of oleosin also makes the process of purifying OB very simple7,8. In view of these characteristics of the OB (its non-coalescing nature, simple extraction, high stability, low production costs and convenient storage), the oleosin fusion technology developed by SemBioSys Genetics Inc., has been successfully used to express various exogenous substances9. In our previous study, an oil body fused with acidic fibroblast growth factor (OLAF) was successfully obtained using oleosin fusion technology10.
Dermal toxicity, dermal irritation, and delayed contact sensitization evaluation of oil body linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion via transdermal drug delivery for wound healing
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Xinxin Lan, Tingting Zhou, Yue Dong, Yuyan Li, Xinyu Liu, Weidong Qiang, Yan Liu, Yongxin Guo, Muhammad Noman, Jing Li, Linna Du, Xiaokun Li, Jing Yang
At present, a variety of medicinal proteins have been successfully expressed in the plant oil body bioreactors, such as aFGF, bFGF, FGF10, and VEGF. All of them have promoted fibroblast proliferation and wound repair12,16–18. However, the oil body extracted from plant seeds cannot be preserved stably in vitro and it is easy to coalesce19. In order to maintain the stability of oil body in vitro and the efficacy of hEGF, we prepared oil body-linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion (OBEME). This new drug delivery system will provide more effective protection to growth factors. In previous studies, we found that oil body expressed oleosin-hEGF can effectively accelerate wound healing20. However, it is unclear whether OBEME has toxic effects. Therefore, we evaluated the skin irritation, sub-acute and sub-chronic dermal toxicities and skin sensitization of OBEME. This will lay a foundation for speeding up the drug development of new oil body bioreactors.