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Manufacturing food extracts
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Natalie A. David, Anusha Penumarti, Jay E. Slater
Soybean allergens include prolamin, cupin, profilin, and oleosin superfamily members [86]. These allergens do not respond uniformly to heating. The soybean allergen Gly m Bd 30K (protein P34) has decreased IgE reactivity with boiling [87], whereas the same treatment does not reduce the IgE reactivity of Gly m 7 [88]. As with Gly m Bd 30K, overall IgE reactivity to soybean is reduced with increasing boiling times. Boiled soybean extracts also demonstrate reduced allergenicity through reduced wheal size on SPT [89]. Processing of soybeans into soy sauce through the fermentation attenuates but does not completely eliminate their allergenicity as measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition [90].
Modulation of Lipid Biosynthesis by Stress in Diatoms
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Bing Huang, Virginie Mimouni, Annick Morant-Manceau, Justine Marchand, Lionel Ulmann, Benoit Schoefs
Lipid droplets (LD) have a universal architecture across all kingdoms and consist of a phospholipid monolayer and a hydrophobic core in which neutral lipids (mostly TAGs) are stored. LD proteins (LDP) likely function to protect TAG from cytosolic lipases. Increasing the stability of lipid droplets is called the “protect strategy” and has already been adapted on P. tricornutum. Wang et al. (2017) identified a potential lipid droplet protein PtLDP1 predominant in nitrogen-deprived P. tricornutum cells and confirmed its localization into lipid droplets. They showed that overexpressing and silencing the gene coding PtLDP1 led to a significant change in lipid droplet size, neutral lipid or TAG accumulation and also transcriptional levels of key lipogenic genes. These results suggest an important role for PtLDP1 in LD biogenesis and regulation of lipid synthesis. Still in P. tricornutum, Yoneda et al. (2016) identified a major LD protein (StLDP), different from PtLDP1 and containing a central hydrophobic domain also found in oleosin of A. thaliana and LDSP of Nannochloropsis. They reported that StLDP expression levels were consistent with the changes of sizes of LDs under N depletion, suggesting a potential role for StLDP in the maintenance, distribution and degradation of TAG in LDs (Yoneda et al., 2016). In Arabidopsis, knockout of the oleosin gene resulted in increased sizes of LDs because the oleosin deficiency significantly inhibited the fusion of LDs (Shimada et al., 2008). The overexpression of StLDP in P. tricornutum led to a significant increase in neutral lipid content between the wild type and the mutants under nitrogen starvation, probably because of the higher protection of TAG from LDP and the interruption of hydrolyzes by lipases (Yoneda et al., 2018). They also observed that the proportion of cells forming three or four lipid droplets increased in mutants compared to WT during the initial nitrogen-deficient period, suggesting that StLDP facilitates the sequestration of TAG.
Optimization of the extraction conditions and dermal toxicity of oil body fused with acidic fibroblast growth factor (OLAF)
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Yongxin Guo, Yaying Li, Qian Wu, Xinxin Lan, Guodong Chu, Weidong Qiang, Muhammad Noman, Tingting Gao, Jinnan Guo, Long Han, Jing Yang, Xiaokun Li, Linna Du
Recently, the oil body (OB) has been considered as a novel drug delivery system that can promote the skin absorption of drugs3. The OB, an elastic spheroid or ellipsoid subcellular organelle that stores oil in plant seeds, consists of outer phospholipids, oil body binding proteins and an inner liquid matrix (mainly triacylglycerol)4. Oleosin is the most important oil body binding protein located on the whole surface of the OB and plays a very important role in the processes of OB formation and decomposition5,6. Oleosin contains three basic domains: a central hydrophobic region, amphiphilic N-terminal region and a C-terminal region. Among the domains, the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are located on the surface of the OB, the negative charge of which does not allow the OB to accumulate, enhancing its stability. In addition, the unique structure of oleosin also makes the process of purifying OB very simple7,8. In view of these characteristics of the OB (its non-coalescing nature, simple extraction, high stability, low production costs and convenient storage), the oleosin fusion technology developed by SemBioSys Genetics Inc., has been successfully used to express various exogenous substances9. In our previous study, an oil body fused with acidic fibroblast growth factor (OLAF) was successfully obtained using oleosin fusion technology10.
Dermal toxicity, dermal irritation, and delayed contact sensitization evaluation of oil body linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion via transdermal drug delivery for wound healing
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Xinxin Lan, Tingting Zhou, Yue Dong, Yuyan Li, Xinyu Liu, Weidong Qiang, Yan Liu, Yongxin Guo, Muhammad Noman, Jing Li, Linna Du, Xiaokun Li, Jing Yang
Oil bodies are easy to separate from oil crop seeds so they are an ideal carrier for producing target protein. This is mainly due to the fact that the oleosin embedded on the surface of oil body can be connected with the foreign protein, making the foreign protein to express efficiently27,28. Overexpression of oleosin can lead to the decrease of oil body particle size29,30. We noticed that the particle size of OBEME was smaller than that of natural oil body. This is more conducive to transdermal absorption of OBEME. Tso et al. fed rats with high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil, and found that high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil did not produce toxic effects31. The safflower oil in seeds consists of 95% triacylglycerol and 1–4% phospholipids, while the safflower oil body is mainly composed of triacylglycerol and phospholipid monolayer and related proteins. Therefore, it is considered safe and non-toxic. In addition, OBEME is made up of 60% safflower oil body and 0.4% xanthan gum, all of which are safely edible substances.