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Anatomy of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Dustin M. Dalgorf, Richard J. Harvey
The nasal vestibule is the anterior most aspect of the nasal cavity and serves as the entry point from the external nares into the nasal cavity. The vestibule is demarcated by the limen nasi located at the caudal border of the LLC. The limen nasi is the location where the marginal incision is made during external approach rhinoplasty. It is important to note that only a small part of the alar rim is composed of cartilage from the lateral crus of the LLC; the majority is composed of fibrofatty tissue.
Head and Neck Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Lorcan O’Toole, Nicholas D. Stafford
For nasal cavity tumors, overall and disease-free survival are similar at about 60% to 80% at 5 years but vary with histological type. Local recurrence is the predominant cause of treatment failure, and isolated nodal relapse is uncommon (<20%). Distant metastases are seen in <20% overall but are more common in certain histological subtypes such as adenoid cystic. The prognosis of nasal vestibule tumors is better overall and mirrors that of skin cancers by stage.
Acute severe rhinological infection
Published in S. Musheer Hussain, Paul White, Kim W Ah-See, Patrick Spielmann, Mary-Louise Montague, ENT Head & Neck Emergencies, 2018
With central facial cellulitis, physical examination may reveal redness, tenderness and swelling in the affected area. Vestibulitis may sometimes develop into a localised abscess in the nasal vestibule. A patient with the above condition needs to be assessed promptly for potential cavernous sinus thrombosis if headache, visual symptoms or signs of raised intracranial pressure are reported. Apart from periorbital oedema and ptosis, signs such as ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis and altered sensation along V1 and V2 branches of the trigeminal nerve may be elicited.
New standards for the management of nose vestibule malignancies
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Francesco Bussu, Luca Tagliaferri, Claudia Crescio, Davide Rizzo, Roberto Gallus, Claudio Parrilla, Bruno Fionda, Valentina Lancellotta, Gian Carlo Mattiucci, Jacopo Galli
Based on the above considerations, there is a need for a shared international standard for classification and staging of nasal vestibule malignancies (in particular SCC). We propose 2 order of changes to the current AJCC TNM based on the evidence mentioned above.Clearly define the boundaries of the nasal vestibule, which would encompass the portion of the nasal cavity extending from the pyriform opening to the nostrils (Figure 4). A specific WHO topographical code should be assigned to this subsite, distinct from nasal cavity proper. Nasal vestibule shall become the third subsite for nasal and paranasal malignancies in AJCC/UICC staging manual.Consequently, define specific AJCC T classification criteria for the nasal vestibule, distinct from the existing ones for nasal cavity (proper)/ethmoid and maxillary sinus, which are the two currently acknowledged subsites with specific staging criteria. A hypothetical draft of the new T classification is reported in Table 1. This classification would apply to squamous cell carcinomas arising in the nasal vestibule.
Analyses on the influence of normal nasal morphological variations on odorant transport to the olfactory cleft
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Ryan M. Sicard, Reanna Shah, Dennis O. Frank-Ito
The ordinary human nasal cavity is distinguishable by several intra- and inter-individual morphological variabilities that can influence a typical nasal airflow profile (Babatola 1990; Patki and Frank-Ito 2016; Frank-Ito and Garcia 2020; Leong and Eccles 2009; Ramprasad and Frank-Ito 2016). The nasal vestibule allows for inhaled ambient air to flow into the respiratory tract. According to Inthavong et al. (2019), inhaled air flowing into the notched nasal vestibule twists and swirls through to the nasal valve. However, depending on nasal anatomical variation, the vortex created can stretch posteriorly to the anterior end of the middle turbinate and beyond (Frank-Ito and Garcia 2020; Ramprasad and Frank-Ito 2016). Furthermore, Ramprasad and Frank-Ito (2016) imply that local airflow patterns at the superior end of the nasal cavity were greatly influenced by nasal vestibule phenotype. This suggests that nasal morphology influences the transport of odorant-laden molecules into the olfactory cleft, due to its effect on nasal airflow patterns (Craven et al. 2010; Eiting et al. 2014; Rygg et al. 2017).
Nasal vestibule squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based cohort study from DAHANCA
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Mads V. Filtenborg, Jacob K. Lilja-Fischer, Maja B. Sharma, Hanne Primdahl, Julie Kjems, Christina C. Plaschke, Birgitte W. Charabi, Claus A. Kristensen, Maria Andersen, Elo Andersen, Christian Godballe, Jørgen Johansen, Jens Overgaard, Kristian B. Petersen
Cancer of the nasal vestibule is a rare type of malignancy dominated by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and it account for less than one percent of all head and neck tumours [1,2]. The nasal vestibule is anatomical defined by the nostril anteriorly and posteriorly by the limen nasi. Treatment strategies consist of either radiotherapy (RT), surgery or a combination of both. Brachytherapy is an effective alternative to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of nasal vestibule carcinoma [3–5]. Different staging systems are available, and the Union International Cancer Control (UICC) or the classification of Wang are the most widely used [6–9]. Several studies suggest that T1 tumours can be successfully handled by single treatment modality, whereas more advanced tumours should be considered for a combined treatment strategy [2,10–15]. A large Danish study performed by Agger et al. showed a 5-year disease-specific survival of 74% and overall survival (OS) of 50% [8].