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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Colacino and Pettersen (1978), Pettersen et al. (1979), and Aziz (1980) report anomalies of mylohyoid in neonates with trisomy 13. In one individual, the mylohyoid muscles were deficient anteriorly (Colacino and Pettersen 1978). In another, the left digastric muscle sent a slip to the left mylohyoid muscle, which was fused with its right counterpart since the median raphe was absent (Pettersen et al. 1979). The mylohyoid raphe was also absent in another neonate (Aziz 1980).
Neck and Décolletage
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Kate Goldie, Uliana Gout, Randy B. Miller, Fernando Felice, Paraskevas Kontoes, Izolda Heydenrych
Pre-platysmal fat thickness varies with age and ethnicity (Figures 10.6 through 10.8). The subplatysmal fat of the neck occurs as distinct regions that may be identified by their consistent relationship to the platysma, digastric, and mylohyoid muscles. The mylohyoid muscle comprises the posterior boundary.
Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
This comprises a small horseshoe-shaped region beneath the tongue (Figure 41.3). Near the base of the tongue in the midline, a fold of tissue called the lingual frenum is seen to extend onto the inferior surface of the tongue. The sublingual papilla is a conspicuous centrally positioned protuberance at the base of the tongue. The submandibular salivary ducts open into the mouth at this papilla. On either side of the sublingual papilla are the sublingual folds, beneath which lie the submandibular ducts and sublingual salivary glands. The muscle forming the floor of the mouth is the mylohyoid muscle.
Does the mandibular lingual release approach impact post-operative swallowing in patients with oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a scoping review
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
N. M. Hardingham, E. C. Ward, N. A. Clayton, R. A. Gallagher
The MLRA is appropriate for large or inaccessible OC/OPSCC and is referred to in the literature as the ‘mandibular lingual release approach’ (Song et al., 2013; Stanley, 1984; Stringer et al., 1992) and in conjunction with the term ‘visor flap’ (Cilento, Izzard, Weymuller, & Futran, 2007). Where clinically indicated, the technique is preceded by a unilateral or bilateral neck dissection. This is then followed by an incision from the mastoid to mastoid, with an apron flap raised to the level of the mandible. The mandibular periosteum is then incised at the lower border. The alveolar mucosa is also incised around the lingual surface at the teeth from angle to angle, if teeth are absent, the incision is continued along the apex of the alveolus. The anterior belly of digastric is detached from the mentum. The geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles are detached from the genial tubercle. The periosteum is then elevated to the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle. This then allows delivery of the tongue and floor of mouth (FOM) into the neck. Following appropriate resection, closure of site can be done locally or via a free flap.
Design and application of submental island flap to reconstruct non-circumferential defect after hypopharyngeal carcinoma resection: a prospective study of 27 cases
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Wenting Pang, Aobo Zhang, Cheng Lu, Jun Tian, Wan-xin Li, Zhenxiao Wang, Yanbo Dong, Shuoqing Yuan, Zihao Niu, Yiyuan Zhu, M. Shahed Quraishi, Liangfa Liu
Total or partial laryngopharyngectomy was performed according to the extent of tumor invasion. After completion of tumor ablation and neck dissection, flap was harvested from the contralateral side in a subplatysmal fashion. In the midline, surgical incision extended down to the mylohyoid muscle in order to allow dissection of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and mylohyoid muscle from the mandible and the hyoid bone [17]. The submandibular gland was then identified and dissected superiorly and posteriorly with the gland left in position. The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve was also identified and protected. During cervical lymphadenectomy we ensured that the facial vessels and the internal jugular vein were protected and preserved. The harvested flap was then transposed downward to close the hypopharyngeal defects with continuous mattress sutures using 3–0 Vicryl and 3–0 silk thread was interrupted sutured subcutaneously and submucosally for strengthening (Figure 1).
Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: A review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2018
Lisa Bierbaumer, Uwe Yacine Schwarze, Reinhard Gruber, Winfried Neuhaus
The parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands are the three major paired salivary glands. Numerous other minor salivary glands open into the mouth and are scattered throughout the oral cavity. The parotid gland, the largest of the saliva glands, is situated in front of the external ear and is almost entirely serous. The palpable parotid duct runs superficial of the buccinator muscle and through the cheek to drain into the mouth opposite of the second permanent maxillary molar. The submandibular gland is the size of a walnut and irregular in shape but generally spheroid and is located at the posterior and lower part of the mylohyoid muscle and mostly serous. The sublingual gland is the smallest of the three major paired salivary glands; it is flat and shaped like an almond. The location is cranial of the mylohyoid muscle and beneath the mouth floor mucosa. The sublingual gland is seromucous but most cells are mucous.11