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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
In the realms of cosmetics, arguably the most important branch of the mandibular nerve is the mental nerve, which branches from the inferior alveolar nerve (an inferior branch of the mandibular nerve) at the lower premolars. The mental nerve then runs anteriorly through the mandibular canal before exiting via the mental foramen allow for sensory innervation of the chin and lower lip. As previously discussed, the mental foramen is can be easily occluded during the augmentation of the chin with deeper fillers, resulting in potentially permanent damage to the distal mental nerve.
Common paediatric ENT viva topics
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Advanced ENT Training, 2019
Benjamin Hartley, Richard J Hewitt
The ultrasound would give information about the nodal size and architecture and importantly if it is contained within a confluence of lymph nodes, this may change my surgical approach to a wedge nodal biopsy instead of full excision. Due to the risks of operating within this region with relation to the marginal mandibular nerve in particular, surgical planning is paramount. In addition, while this is most likely to be a lymph node, it is possible a firm lump in the level 2 region is another pathology which again may change surgical management.
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) (Plate 3.15; described in detail in Section 3.3.1.5). Its course takes it through the three foramina/canals: first the mandibular foramen, then the mandibular canal, where it sends branches to the mandibular teeth, and finally the mental foramen where it becomes the mental nerve. The mylohyoid nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve that runs in the mylohyoid groove. Another branch is the lingual nerve, which is joined by the chorda tympani before entering the oral region. Other branches of the mandibular nerve that lie in the temporal region are the buccal nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve (which supplies the dura mater), also described in Section 3.3.1.5.
An unusual case of a grade I meningioma with perineural spread
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Mohammed Fadelalla, Avinash Kumar Kanodia, John Brunton, Kirit Singh, Antonia Torgersen, Esther Sammler, Colin Smith, David Mowle, Paul White, Kismet Hossain-Ibrahim
Head Computerized Tomography (CT) (Figure 1) showed a subtle soft tissue prominence in the right parasellar region and mucosal thickening/soft tissue in the sphenoid sinus on the right side. There was also subtle asymmetry in the region of the pterygopalatine fossa with poorly seen fat on the right side. The changes were initially thought to be inflammatory of sphenoid sinus origin. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (Figures 2 and 3) showed homogenously enhancing bilateral parasellar masses with encasement of the Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA) and narrowing of the right ICA. There was anterior extension of the tumour on the right side into the orbital apex and perineural spread along the right maxillary nerve and bilateral mandibular nerves with an associated focal mass below the skull base on left side along the course of the mandibular nerve. The soft tissue mass in the right side of the sphenoid sinus was again identified. There were several dural based enhancing lesions elsewhere suggestive of meningiomas but the perineural spread was considered distinctly unusual and raised the possibility of tumours such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell cancers, metastases or inflammatory conditions. CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis were normal as was MRI of the spine.
Efficacy and safety of injectable deoxycholic acid for submental fat reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Karin Soares Cunha, Flávia Lima, Roberta Marques Cardoso
One important AE associated with DOC injections is the marginal mandibular nerve injury typically presented as an asymmetrical smile. It occurred in 24 cases (1,3%) of DOC-treated participants in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Its occurrence possibly resulted from injections administered too deeply into the platysma muscle or too close to the marginal mandibular nerve [20]. Although most cases were classified by the authors as mild or moderate, and all of them resolved without sequelae, its occurrence highlights the importance of the clinician training and understanding of the submental anatomy [10,20]. Moreover, some cases of skin ulceration occurred in two studies [3,10]. It is usually caused by improper injection of DOC superficially into the skin, and reinforces the need for a correct technique, with the injection of DOC midway into the SMF to avoid the dermis [10]. The use of cannulas would also probably reduce the risk of skin ulceration.
The Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Turkey: A Population-Based Study
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Cem Bölük, Ülkü Türk Börü, Mustafa Taşdemir
In an older Italian cohort, consisting of patients aged 55–94 years old, a very high TN prevalence, 1600/100,000, was demonstrated. Six of nine total cases were women aged 75 or older and there was a total sample size of only 574 participants [10]. Mueller et al. conducted a population-based study of adults aged 18–65 in Essen, Germany via phone interviews combined with face-to-face screening. They recorded a lifetime prevalence of 300/100,000 in 10 out of 3336 participants. This high result is explained by a low phone interview response rate (56%). The female/male ratio in this study was 2.3. Similar to our study, isolated maxillary branch involvement was seen in 20% of patients, and combined maxillary and mandibular nerve involvement was seen in 40% of patients. The mean age of the patients was 59 years [11].