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The Bladder (BL)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Medial sural cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin on the posterior and lateral leg and lateral side of the foot; forms the sural nerve if it joins the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. Accompanies the small saphenous vein.
The Leg
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
The sural nerve is formed by the combination of a medial sural cutaneous nerve (from the tibial nerve) and the communicating branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. The medial sural cutaneous nerve is often hidden proximally by overlying tendinous fibers of the gastrocnemius. The medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves are sensory to the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg. The sural nerve distributes cutaneous branches to the posterior surface of the distal portion of the leg, then passes beneath the lateral malleolus. In the foot the sural nerve becomes the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve, supplying the lateral side of the foot and the fifth toe.
Soft-Tissue Repair for Proximal and Middle Third Problems
Published in Armstrong Milton B., Lower extremity Trauma, 2006
Kreithen Joshua, Woodberry Kerri, O Seung-Jun
The dominant pedicle is a direct cutaneous artery arising from the popliteal artery. This sural artery branch is approximately 3 cm long and is found between the heads of the gastrocnemius and then located inferior and superficial to the gastrocnemius muscle. The minor pedicle is a musculocutaneous perforating artery from the gastrocnemius muscle. The venous drainage is from the lesser saphenous vein. The sensory nerve is the medial sural cutaneous nerve. This is a branch of the tibial nerve and accompanies the lesser saphenous vein and artery.
Surgical delay in reverse sural artery flap prevents congestion of the flap: a case report of the stepwise delay method
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Yuta Izawa, Hiroko Murakami, Tetsuya Shirakawa, Kentaro Futamura, Masayuki Hasegawa, Yoshihiko Tsuchida
The stepwise delay method in RSAF was performed as follows. To confirm that the RSAF can be elevated, Doppler was used to confirm the presence of the perforator of the peroneal artery, followed by ultrasonography to confirm the course of the lesser saphenous vein. The flap was designed to cover the exposed tendon and bone and to easily suture the donor site. It was elevated by keeping a 4-cm wide distal pedicle of fascia overlying the gastrocnemius muscle. The proximal vascular pedicle was exposed and secured in the proximal side of the flap. Simultaneously, the arteries, veins, and nerves in the proximal vascular pedicle were separated and identified; structures that may be included in the proximal vascular pedicle include the lesser saphenous vein, the superficial sural artery, the superficial sural vein, and the medial sural cutaneous nerve. Additionally, some cases involve only a portion of those structures. The patency of each blood vessel was confirmed, and blood vessels without patency and the medial sural cutaneous nerve can be cut at this stage. After completely elevating the flap, leaving only the proximal vascular pedicle and distal pedicle, the flap was roughly sutured to the donor site to close the wound.
Free neurosensory flap based on the accompanying vessels of lateral sural cutaneous nerve: anatomic study and preliminary clinical applications
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Weichao Yang, Gen Wen, Feng Zhang, William C. Lineaweaver, Chunyang Wang, Kyler Jones, Yimin Chai
In the anatomical dissections, the LSCN was found in all 5 specimens. It originated subfascially from the common peroneal nerve and descended between the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and the crural fascia. After penetrating the fascia near the fibular head, it ramified into its terminals supplying the skin of the lateral two-thirds of the leg. The PCN could be observed branching off the LSCN and joined the medial sural cutaneous nerve to form the sural nerve near the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the leg. The SLSA was found accompanying the LSCN in all cases. It originated directly from the popliteal artery 4.2 ± 0.2 mm above the fibular head, where its outer diameter was 0.96 ± 0.23 mm (Figure 2(A)). At the bifurcation of the LSCN and PCN, the SLSA gave rise to two branches that followed the nerves, and the artery ramified into terminals along the ramification of the nerves, supplying both the nerves and the soft tissue over them (Figure 2(B,C)). Along the course of SLSA, several perforators penetrated from the crural fascia and anastomosed with the SLSA, creating a fine anastomotic network (Figure 2(D)). Some perforators originated from the lateral sural artery, others from the peroneal artery.
Characterization of the Sensory Nerve Action Potential of the Sural Nerve in Patients Over 60 Years of Age without Peripheral Neuropathy
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2022
David Ernesto Geney-Castro, María Clara Velásquez-González, Fabio Salinas-Durán, Jesús Plata-Contreras
The sural nerve is a sensory nerve that innervates the posterolateral side of the leg and the dorsolateral aspect of the foot. It is made up of the medial sural cutaneous nerve that originates from the tibial nerve, the lateral sural cutaneous nerve that comes from the common peroneal nerve, and a sural communicating branch (Steele et al. 2021). The sural nerve is vulnerable to polyneuropathies, traumatic injuries, injury from surgery in the area of the nerve, neoplastic compressions and, occasionally, it is altered in lumbosacral radiculopathies (Dumitru et al. 2003; Mondelli et al. 2013; Palve and Palve 2021).