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Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Behind the canines are two premolars, each with a buccal and lingual cusp (hence the term bicuspid). The occlusal surfaces of the maxillary premolars are oval (the long axis is buccopalatal) with a mesiodistal fissure separating the two cusps. The maxillary first premolar usually has two roots (one buccal, one palatal). The maxillary second premolar usually has one root. The occlusal surfaces of the mandibular premolars are more circular or squarer than those of the uppers. The buccal cusp of the mandibular first premolar towers above the very much reduced lingual cusp. In the mandibular second premolar, the lingual cusp is more substantial compared with the first, and frequently presents as two cusps. Each lower premolar tooth generally has one root.
Fixed prosthodontics—clinical vs pre-clinical practice
Published in R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, Sónia M. Santos, João Manuel R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering IV, 2017
Carlos Ferreira Almeida, Rui Machado, Orlando F. Lino, César Silva, João Carlos Sampaio-Fernandes
Al-Rafee et al. and Leempoel et al., in studies regarding bridges conducted in Saud Arabia and The Netherlands, respectively, reported that more bridges were placed in the maxilla, and that lower first molars were the teeth that needed to be replaced most often. The most common places for abutments were the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular second premolars and second molars (Al-Rafee et al., 1996; Leempoel et al., 1989).
Removal of unerupted teeth
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Catherine Bryant, Clare Gleeson
Maxillary second premolar teeth may fail to erupt as a consequence of crowding or space loss following the early extraction of primary teeth. These almost always occupy a palatal position, often becoming ‘trapped’ above the contact point between the first premolar and molar which have become approximated. A palatal flap created by a gingival sulcus incision extended to include at least two teeth either side of the unerupted premolar is used to provide access for the extraction. Once the flap is raised, the premolar is often accessible for the use of a luxator to elevate it. If this is not the case, bone removal to expose the crown usually facilitates its delivery. If resistance to movement is encountered or the position of adjacent teeth makes them vulnerable to becoming mobilized when reasonable force is applied, the crown of the premolar should be sectioned from the root to complete the extraction without complication (Figure 6.7).
Effect of ceramic material type on the fracture load of inlay-retained and full-coverage fixed dental prostheses
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2020
Hamid Kermanshah, Fariba Motevasselian, Saeedeh Alavi Kakhaki, Mutlu Özcan
In this study, the fracture load of 3-unit inlay-retained fixed partial dentures made from either monolithic zirconia or zirconia reinforced lithium silicate were tested and compared with that of 3-unit full-coverage fixed partial dentures made from monolithic zirconia. The inlay-retained monolithic zirconia FPDs received two types of surface treatments. All FPDs were designed to restore maxillary second premolar. Inlay-retained monolithic zirconia FPDs showed fracture load which were not statistically different from 3-unit full-coverage monolithic zirconia FPDs, regardless of type of surface treatment. Inlay-retained FPDs made from zirconia reinforced lithium silicate failed at a significantly lower load than the other types of FPDs. Thus, the first null hypothesis about the non-significant effect of retainer design on fracture load was accepted. However, the second null hypothesis that ceramic type is inconsequential on fracture load was rejected.