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Post-Operative Stridor
Published in Kelechi Eseonu, Nicolas Beresford-Cleary, Spine Surgery Vivas for the FRCS (Tr & Orth), 2022
Kelechi Eseonu, Nicolas Beresford-Cleary
A rare complication of anterior cervical spinal surgery is Horner’s syndrome. This occurs due to injury to the sympathetic chain and retraction of the longus colli during the anterior approach to the cervical spine. It is thought to be most prevalent during surgery in the mid-cervical regions (C5–6).
Head and Neck
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
MusclesSternocleidomastoid – large muscle bulk lateral and anterior to the carotid sheath, comprising of a sternal head (manubrium of sternum to superior nuchal line of occiput) and a clavicular head (medial one third of clavicle to mastoid process) and innervated by accessory nerve and branches from the anterior rami of C2–C3.Scalene muscles – a group of three paired muscles (anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene) that originate on the transverse processes of the C2–C7 vertebrae and insert on the first and second ribs, and innervated by the anterior rami of C4–C6.Longus colli muscle – ‘long muscle of the neck’, posterior to the oesophagus, running along the anterior surface of the vertebrae between the atlas and T3 vertebra, and innervated by the anterior rami of C2–C6.
Neck
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
The longus colli muscle lies on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, extending from the C1 to T3 levels. It consists of vertical, superior, and inferior oblique parts; the upper myotendinous junction of the superior oblique part is involved frequently.
Ultrasonographic assessment of cross-sectional area of deep neck flexor muscles during a five-stage cranio-cervical flexion test in individuals with chronic neck pain and healthy controls
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2018
Mohsen Amiri, Leila Rahnama, Maryam Zargosh, Aamir Abbas
Neck pain has become a common musculoskeletal complaint, being known as the second most common musculoskeletal disorder and the main reason for disability followed by low back pain [1]. Over 80% of mechanical stability in the cervical region is accomplished by the neck muscles, especially deep neck muscles. Longus colli and longus capitis are deep neck flexors (DNFs) that help to provide cervical spine dynamic stability [2,3]. These muscles are located bilaterally on the cervical spine and are functionally responsible for providing longitudinal dynamic cervical spine stability [4,5]. Previous studies have reported weakness and morphological changes of these muscles following chronic neck pain [2,6,7]. However, the negative effect of chronic neck pain on the function and endurance of these muscles is unclear. Pain chronicity is another manifestation of neck pain, which may result in prolonged disability. It is accepted that prolonged disability might be in combination with such muscle weakness [8].
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A two decade experience
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
Robert F. Heary, Anna MacDowall, Nitin Agarwal
Once the prevertebral space has been exposed, a radiographic marker is utilized to confirm the correct level. One method is with the use of a radiopaque bayoneted spinal needle inserted into the disc space. Studies have demonstrated that exposure of a non-operative intervertebral disc can lead to accelerated degeneration of that disc.23,24 As such, localization can also be performed with placement of a radiographic marker into the ventral vertebral body cortex. The longus colli muscles are dissected and elevated from the vertebral bodies on each side of the identified disc space with a maximum lateral extent of dissection of 3 mm to avoid causing a Horner’s syndrome if the sympathetic chain is disrupted. A self-retaining retractor system is then utilized.
Neck-specific strengthening exercises and cognitive therapy for chronic neck pain: a systematic review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2019
Laura G. Cox, Dawson J. Kidgell, Ross A. Iles
One of the most established of these programs is training of the craniocervical flexor muscles with visual feedback via the use of an air-filled pressure sensor [8,12–14]. These exercises target the deep neck flexor muscles, longus capitis, and longus colli, in order to stabilize and strengthen flexion in the upper cervical region, similar to programs stimulating the deep trunk muscles for chronic low back pain [12–14]. This program has been shown to decrease NDI scores by 5.0 ± 4.2 (p < .001) in participants with chronic neck pain [8].