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Spinal Cord Disease
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Spinal transient ischemic attacks: Painless paraparesis or quadriparesis without loss of consciousness.Sporadic, or precipitated by postural changes in patients with foraminal stenosis during cervical or lumbar extension, which maximally compromises the intervertebral foramina through which pass spinal radicular arteries.
Blocks of Nerves of the Trunk
Published in Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, 2019
The spinal nerves are formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord (see Part One, Section I). There are usually 31 pairs of spinal nerves, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal, emerging from the intervertebral foramina, close to the transverse processes of the vertebrae. They divide rapidly into four main branches, the meningeal, the dorsal and ventral rami, and the ramus communicans.
Anatomy for neurotrauma
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Vasudha Singhal, Sarabpreet Singh
The vertebral arch is formed by a pair of pedicles, and a pair of laminae, along with two transverse processes pointing laterally, and a spinous process pointing posteriorly. Articular processes—two superior and two inferior—are located at the junction of lamina and pedicles, and articulate with their counterparts on the vertebrae above and below. The part of the vertebra located between the superior and inferior articular processes of the facet joint is called the pars interarticularis. The facet joints between the articular facets of the adjacent vertebrae are strengthened by various ligaments—ligamentum flavum (between adjacent laminae), interspinous and supraspinous ligaments (between the spinous processes), and intertransverse ligaments (between the transverse processes). In between each pair of vertebrae, there are the intervertebral foramina on each side, which allow for the exit of spinal nerves.
Ultrasound-guided injection acupotomy as a minimally invasive intervention therapy for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: a randomized control trial
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Jianfeng Pu, Wenping Cao, Yetin Chen, Yunwu Fan, Ye Cao
Because there are no unified diagnostic criteria for CSR, we developed diagnostic criteria based on the published literature [15–18]. These criteria were: (1) Have suffered neck strain or a sprained or stiff neck; (2) Have radiation numbness, pain, or paresthesia in the neck and areas innervated by the root of the cervical nerve, which might be aggravated when the neck posture is improper; (3) Symptoms might be accompanied by the reduced muscle strength of the upper limbs, as well as inflexible finger movement, and hand muscle atrophy might occur in the elderly over the course of the disease; (4) There may be tenderness or muscle tension spasms in the neck during physical examination; (5) The neck extension test, brachial plexus traction test (Eaten test), intervertebral foramen extrusion test (Spurling test), head percussion test, and Hoffman sign might be positive; (6) X-ray and CT might show changes to the physiological curvature of the cervical spine, as well as vertebral joint instability, bone spur formation, and intervertebral foramen stenosis; and (7) MRI might show changes to cervical disc degeneration, nucleus pulposus, nerve root compression, and cervical spinal canal stenosis. Electromyography is useful for identifying responsible neural segments. CSR can be diagnosed if any one of (1)+(2)+(5)+other four items is met.
The effect of repeated flexion-based exercises versus extension-based exercises on the clinical outcomes of patients with lumbar disk herniation surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Alireza Abdi, Seyed Reza Bagheri, Zahra Shekarbeigi, Soheila Usefvand, Ehsan Alimohammadi
Postoperative rehabilitation programs such as physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, and different exercise programs could shorten the recovery period [7,8]. Indeed, postoperative rehabilitation aims to help patients regain full range of motion and strength in their spine as well as to accelerate returning to their previous lifestyle [9,10]. Exercises could help relieve back pain by widening the spinal canal area, opening the intervertebral foramen, strengthening ligamentous complexes, increasing muscle endurance, and distracting the epiphyseal joints [11,12]. Subjects with limited postoperative activities are at a higher risk of progressing pain and disabilities [1,13]. Post-discectomy exercises could improve clinical outcomes related to disability, pain, and functional recovery [7,14]. However, there is controversy about which is the most effective postoperative exercise approach [8,15].
Anterolateral approach for subaxial vertebral artery decompression in the treatment of rotational occlusion syndrome: results of a personal series and technical note
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Sabino Luzzi, Cristian Gragnaniello, Alice Giotta Lucifero, Stefano Marasco, Yasmeen Elsawaf, Mattia Del Maestro, Samer K. Elbabaa, Renato Galzio
Medical history including previous drop attacks or other symptoms related to the vertebrobasilar insufficiency were obtained. Full vestibular and cardiovascular work up, including screening for coagulopathies were carried out. Cervical x-rays that included oblique projections for the intervertebral foramina and flexion-extension dynamic views were obtained for each patient. Static computed tomography (CT) of the cervical spine was always completed alongside a dynamic CT angiography. T1, T2, diffusion weighted images and time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cervical spine were performed in patients that could tolerate it and had no contraindications to it to look for possible pre-existing ischemic lesions. Color Doppler ultrasonography of the VAs was carried out in neutral position and during axial rotation of the head, according to the reported standard of the technique [39]. Non-subtracted and subtracted static and dynamic catheter-based angiography of both VAs were performed in every case, regardless of the findings of the CT-angiography.