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Functional Connections of the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Viscerosensory Integration of Ingestion Reflexes
Published in I. Robin A. Barraco, Nucleus of the Solitary Tract, 2019
From the preceding it is clear that feeding behavior is complex, requiring the activity of a number of motor nuclei.5,9,10 The trigeminal motor nucleus activates muscles involved in jaw opening, chewing, and the initial stage of swallowing (e.g., mylohyoid m.). The facial motor nucleus activates muscles controlling lip movements and ones ancillary to jaw movements and swallowing (e.g., stylohyoid m.). The hypoglossal nucleus is responsible for protrusion (genioglossus m.) and retrusion (styloglossus m.) of the tongue, as during licking, lateral movements of the tongue during chewing of a bolus, and elevation of the posterior tongue during swallowing. Nucleus ambiguus contains glossopharyngeal and vagal motoneurons that supply the striated muscles of the pharynx and esophagus that function during swallowing. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve contributes parasympathetic innervation to the smooth musculature of the esophagus that is responsible for the “primary peristalsis” of swallowing. Motoneurons from the first through third cervical segments innervate muscles attached to the hyoid bone (e.g., geniohyoid m. and sternohyoid m.) that also function during swallowing.
Head and Neck IVIM MRI
Published in Denis Le Bihan, Mami Iima, Christian Federau, Eric E. Sigmund, Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI, 2018
The masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid, and temporal muscles are the primary masticator muscles. The masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporal muscles are involved in elevating the mandible, while the lateral pterygoid muscles participate in protruding (superior head) and depressing (inferior head) the mandible. The medial and lateral pterygoid and masseter muscles also participate in the lateral movement of the mandible. The mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and digastric muscles also participate in opening the mouth. Effective mastication can be achieved by the coordinate action of these muscles. In clenching, for example, the masseter, temporal, and medial pterygoid muscles are all involved in the process, but the lateral pterygoid muscles are not.
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
The submandibular (Wharton’s) duct is 5 cm long. First it lies between mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles and then between the sublingual gland and geniohyoid muscle. The duct develops in the ectoderm from a groove in the floor of the mouth. It opens into the floor of the mouth adjacent to the frenulum. The facial nerve (CN VII) runs through the parotid gland.
Does the mandibular lingual release approach impact post-operative swallowing in patients with oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a scoping review
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
N. M. Hardingham, E. C. Ward, N. A. Clayton, R. A. Gallagher
The MLRA is appropriate for large or inaccessible OC/OPSCC and is referred to in the literature as the ‘mandibular lingual release approach’ (Song et al., 2013; Stanley, 1984; Stringer et al., 1992) and in conjunction with the term ‘visor flap’ (Cilento, Izzard, Weymuller, & Futran, 2007). Where clinically indicated, the technique is preceded by a unilateral or bilateral neck dissection. This is then followed by an incision from the mastoid to mastoid, with an apron flap raised to the level of the mandible. The mandibular periosteum is then incised at the lower border. The alveolar mucosa is also incised around the lingual surface at the teeth from angle to angle, if teeth are absent, the incision is continued along the apex of the alveolus. The anterior belly of digastric is detached from the mentum. The geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles are detached from the genial tubercle. The periosteum is then elevated to the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle. This then allows delivery of the tongue and floor of mouth (FOM) into the neck. Following appropriate resection, closure of site can be done locally or via a free flap.
Utilization of submandibular ultrasound to measure oral cavity changes with interventions in routine airway management
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Alexandra Helbing, Esther Lee, Raymond Pla, Eric Heinz
Ultrasound scanning was performed by two attending anesthesiologists with previous experience and training in airway POCUS. Airway sonography was performed using a SonoSite X-porte Ultrasound system (FujiFilm, Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA) equipped with a 3 to 8 MHz curvilinear transducer. For the preoperative measurements of TT and OCH, the patient was placed in a supine position with the head in a relaxed position. The ultrasound was placed in a sagittal orientation. TT was measured between the geniohyoid muscle and the dorsum of the tongue, and OCH was measured as the geniohyoid muscle to the hard palate. For the postinduction measurements, the patient was placed in a similar position and imaging was performed in a similar manner with the airway device placed by the anesthesiologist (Figure 1).
Swallow-Induced Eyelid Myokymia: A Novel Synkinesis Syndrome
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2020
Amrita-Amanda D. Vuppala, Gregory J. Griepentrog, Ryan D. Walsh
We hypothesise that swallow-induced eyelid myokymia, as seen in our patient, is the result of aberrant regeneration involving facial nerve innervations to suprahyoid and orbicularis oculi muscles. The suprahyoid muscles include the stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and digastric muscles, and are involved in tongue/mouth movements and swallowing. In particular, the stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from branches of the facial nerve,23 and function to open the jaw as well as acting as laryngeal elevators, thus assisting in mastication and swallowing. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from the mandibular branch of the fifth nerve, and the geniohyoid is supplied by the C1 nerve roots which run within the hypoglossal nerve. The orbicularis oculi, the co-innervated muscle in this patient’s proposed synkinesis, is a subcutaneous muscle that is innervated by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. It is a muscle of eye closure and also plays a role in tear drainage by helping to ensure proper functioning of the lacrimal pump.