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Understanding the Passenger
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
The cranium or vault has two parietal bones on each side – one occipital bone posteriorly and two frontal bones in the front (Figure 3.1a). These bones are separated by sutures that are nothing but membranous space. Identifying the sutures during vaginal examination are key findings to determine the position of the head. There are four sutures: the coronal suture between the frontal bones and the two parietal bones, the sagittal suture between the two parietal bones, and the lambdoid suture that separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones. The frontal suture between the two frontal bones extends from the glabella to the anterior end of the bregma.
Abnormal Skull
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
Also known as the frontal, interfrontal, or median frontal suture, it is a normal variant that runs through the midline from the nasion to the bregma across the frontal bone. Normally, its fusion starts at around three months of age and is completed by between nine months to two years of age.
Animal Handling, Drug Administration, Dissection, and Tissue and Fluid Sampling Techniques
Published in Howard J. Glenn, Lelio G. Colombetti, Biologic Applications of Radiotracers, 2019
Muhammad R. Atallah, Howard J. Glenn
Figure 7 shows a mouse thus prepared with the skull exposed but still intact. The skull is entered and the brain is exposed by making a transverse incision in the occipital region approximately over the medulla, followed by a longitudinal incision along the superior sagittal sinus to the anterior part of the frontal suture. The skull is then folded open to the sides exposing the tumor and the brain as shown in Figure 8. The tumor, shown excised in Figure 9, is then removed as cleanly as possible. To remove brain tissue from a brain tumor-bearing mouse, after the tumor sample has been removed, the brain is inverted and a segment of the brain distant from the tumor is excised and weighed. Such a brain section is shown in Figure 10.
High-resolution computed tomography assessment of bony nasolacrimal parameters: variations due to age, sex, and facial features
Published in Orbit, 2021
Zhiheng Lin, Namita Kamath, Adeela Malik
For measurements of the face, standardisation was achieved by aligning the axial plane with the superior surface of the hard palate (Figure 4) as a landmark to account for variable flexion of the neck. We also aligned the sagittal plane to a midsagittal line running between the crista galli and the protuberantia internus occipitalis (Figure 5) to account for a face turn. Reconstructed images were then used. For nasal height and width, the most inferior axial image where the tip of the nasal bone (rhinion) was visible was used, measuring width from between the nasolacrimal grooves (Figure 6). For upper facial width, the most anterior coronal image displaying the zygomatico-frontal sutures was analysed, measuring from the outer aspects (Figure 7).
A superficial nasal dermoid cyst excised through a novel horizontal zig-zag incision in a 49-year-old man
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2020
Jeremy Wales, Babak Alinasab, Ola Fridman-Bengtsson
A 49-year-old man, who was a previous boxer and otherwise healthy, presented with a significantly swollen lump over the nasion (junction of the frontal and nasal bones inferior to the glabella). Despite this, he presented without fever or evidence of infection. Twenty years ago, he received a punch to the nose and since then has had a recurrent lump that appeared at this site. A sample of fluid from the cyst was obtained and revealed a mucous-like aspirate without cells. Computed tomography of the facial skeleton revealed a 25-mm encapsulated cyst. Within the frontal suture, a small cavity was seen with an open foramen caecum (Figure 1(A)). Magnetic resonance imagery revealed that the cyst was in its entirety extracranial (Figure 1(B,C)). An initial zig-zag incision in the skin was made at the nasion (Figure 2(A)). Blunt dissection was used to free the cyst from the soft tissues (Figure 2(B)) and a periosteal elevator was used to free the cyst from the bone. Although a fibrous cord was seen attached to the cyst, there was no evidence of intracranial extension or engagement of muscle, nerve or vessels (Figure 2(C,D)). The incision was closed with subcutaneous sutures (Vicryl 4/0) and the skin with Vicryl Rapid 6/0 (Figure 2(E)). Postoperative histological analysis revealed a cystic structure with evidence of chronic inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration. The cyst was radically removed and there was no indication of malignancy.
Evaluation of the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of xylan using different model approaches
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Guangqiu Qin, Yuqiu Gao, Pingjing Wen, Guiqiang Liang, Peng Zhao, Baiqing Dong, Song Tang, Kamran Shekh
Skeletal examination showed sternum defects in all treatment and control groups. The number and types of sternum defects recorded in the treatment groups were similar to that of the negative control, and were therefore considered as spontaneous skeletal malformation. There was no statistically significant difference in the ratio of sternum defect and frontal suture width between the treatment and the negative control groups. Skeletal defects such as skull ossification retardation, metacarpal bone defect, abnormal ribs and spine and tailbone were observed in the positive control group. Moreover, ratio of sternum defect and frontal suture width increased significantly in the positive control group as compared to the negative control group (Table 5, p < 0.05).