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The Pharynx and Oral Cavity
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
Treatment in most cases involves simple division of the frenulum, with, in rare cases where the tissue is especially thickened and fixed, a frenuloplasty with a Z-plasty type repair. Newborns will tolerate a frenulotomy without the need for anaesthesia, but older children will need a general anaesthetic.
Surgery
Published in Michael Stolberg, Gabrielle Falloppia, 1522/23–1562, 2023
Falloppia paid more attention to the treatment of a penis that was too small. One could blame him, Falloppia said, for talking about such an “obscene” topic. A sufficiently large penis was not just a matter of beauty, however. It was necessary for the preservation of the species. If the penis was not sufficiently large, the woman felt no pleasure, did not secrete semen, and did not conceive. Parents should therefore ensure from infancy that their son’s genitals developed sufficiently. A frenulum that was too short could be in the way. Essential for sufficient size was, above all, frequent expansion. Coitus could contribute to this but was ultimately less suitable because it lasted only a short time. It was more effective to continuously stimulate the inflow of the spiritus responsible for the expansion. Arabic authors recommended daily rubbing with sheep’s milk or even fats, especially fats like castoreum, which stimulated desire at the same time. Otherwise, the external application of warming agents and, if necessary, remedies that softened the tense nerves on the back of the penis helped.
Penile Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Eleni Anastasiadis, Nicholas A. Watkin
Glans penisDrainage towards the frenulum.Encircles the corona and unites with the dorsal lymphatic vessel.Traverses through Buck’s fascia to the base of the penis.Drains into the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes via the presymphyseal lymphatics.
Critical roles of adherens junctions in diseases of the oral mucosa
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2023
Christina Kingsley, Antonis Kourtidis
Situated in the central portion of the oral cavity, the tongue is important in mastication, or chewing to form a bolus of food, and also assists in swallowing. The tongue consists of stratified squamous epithelium and is attached to the floor of the mouth via a folded structure, called the frenulum.4 The ventral portion of the tongue consists of stratified squamous, non-keratinized epithelium, while the dorsum of the tongue is covered by a specialized mucosa that can be either keratinized or non-keratinized2 (Figure 1). Taste bud papillae are found predominantly on the tongue and palate. There are three types of papillae: a) fungiform located on the anterior portion; b) circumvallate, which are located on the posterior part of the tongue; and c) foliate papillae located on the lateral sides of the tongue.5
Lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction: from physiology to clinical aspects
Published in The Aging Male, 2018
Aldo E. Calogero, Giovanni Burgio, Rosita A. Condorelli, Rossella Cannarella, Sandro La Vignera
Physical examination must search for signs related to causes of ED, including chest evaluation (presence of gynecomastia – enlargement of the chest and/or mammalian button >2 cm; search for signs of chronic cardio-pulmonary diseases), distribution of body hair and androgenization grade. Evaluation of penis prostate and testes is mandatory to establish-related volumes: according to patient’s age, small testes and/or small prostate volume might imply hypogonadism. It is important to ask for eventual muscular force decrement, as well as a decrease in beard and body hair growth. Assessment of the peripheral vascular system is also important to determine the characteristics of the pulse, to ascertain the presence of an arterial bruit (a vascular sound that is associated with turbulent blood flow). Increased pulse rate (tachycardia) might suggest hyperthyroidism, whereas reduced pulse rate (bradycardia) might be evident in men with heart block (arrhythmia), hypothyroidism or in those who use certain drugs (e.g. β-blockers). Diminished or absent pulses in the various arteries examined could be indicative of impaired blood flow caused by atherosclerosis. The evaluation of the penis in the flaccid state might show the presence of Peyronie disease (involving palpable fibrous plaques), phimosis (congenital narrowing of the opening of the foreskin) or frenulum breve (whereby the tissue under the glans penis that connects to the foreskin is too short and restricts the movement of the foreskin), which can all contribute to ED. Measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index should also be performed [44].
Effectiveness of frenectomy for ankyloglossia correction in terms of breastfeeding and maternal outcomes: A critically appraised topic
Published in Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2019
Hannah Butenko, Vanessa Fung, Sarahlouise White
In some cases, the lingual frenulum may adapt with time and stretch with age, which positively impacts on breastfeeding efficiency, without the need for surgical intervention (Francis, Krishnaswami, & McPheeters, 2015). There is, however, conflicting evidence of whether the frenulum, given that its tissue make-up is collagen, can be stretched (Martinelli, Marchesan, Gusmao, Honorio, & Berretin-Felix, 2015). If breastfeeding difficulties persist after conservative interventions and strategies provided by a midwife or lactation consultant, a surgical procedure: frenectomy may be considered. Frenectomy (also known as frenotomy or frenulotomy) is frequently used to correct ankyloglossia by splitting the shortened frenulum using a scalpel, surgical scissors or laser.