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Adapting Injection Techniques to Patients of Different Ethnicity
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Zeenit Sheikh, Chytra V. Anand
Compared to lighter skin, the darker African skin confers a relatively greater photoprotective capacity (with an SPF rating of up to 13.4) as a result of the higher concentration and distribution of melanin levels (Kaidbey et al., 1979). The stratum corneum has more cellular layers that are compacted with increased cellular adhesion (Alexis et al., 2019). Dermal fibroblasts appear larger, in greater numbers, and are more active (Nijhawan and Alexis, 2011). In part, this may explain the unique profile of delayed photo-aging commonly seen in African skin, as well as the predisposition to keloid formation.
RADIESSE®
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Oumama Draoui, Jani van Loghem, Wouter J. Peeters, Pieter Siebenga
Along with the functional stimulation of the fibroblast to synthesize new collagen and elastin, CaHA also acts on the structural aspect of the fibroblast. Human wrinkle fibroblasts have a different functional behavior compared with normal fibroblasts, with significantly lower contractile forces. In contact with the fibroblast, CaHA increases the contractility of a senescent wrinkle fibroblast to a level almost equivalent to normal skin fibroblasts [17]. Calcium is able to transform the fibroblast into a myofibroblast, the optimal fibroblast conformation for elastin and collagen production. The differentiation and functional maturation of dermal fibroblasts, and their increased synthesis of collagen and elastin [8,17], results in improved skin firmness [18].
Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Mammalian Skin
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
The connective tissue fibers and cellular components of the dermis are embedded in an amorphous matrix, the ground substance. Proteoglycans are a major component of the ground substance. Various types of proteoglycans are found in the ground substance of skin; hyaluronate, dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B), and chondroitin sulfate A and C.208 The ground substance also contains substances from the blood such as water, sugars, proteins, urea and inorganic ions, metabolic products of the parenchymal cells, and metabolic products from the connective tissue cells. One study has shown that dermal fibroblasts grown in vitro synthesized some components of the ground substance.199
Nanoencapsulated cordyceps extract enhances collagen synthesis and skin cell regeneration through antioxidation and autophagy
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Nawapol Upatcha, Palakorn Kaokaen, Natchadaporn Sorraksa, Ruchee Phonchai, Phongsakorn Kunhorm, Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung, Parinya Noisa
The skin is the largest organ of the body. Skin is organised into primal layers, epidermis, and dermis. The epidermis, of ectodermal origin, was the outermost tissue of the skin that covers most of the body (Yousef et al.2017). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally produced by normal cell function and play role in cellular signalling (Zhang et al.2016). That was a contract with environmental stress including UV radiation, pollution, and chemical reagents. So, it occurs skin is damaged by ROS formation. That was important to protect that can induce oxidative stress to occur from ROS such as superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide (Rinnerthaler et al.2015). Long-time human skin was made up of three key parts: Reaction which was damaging to the skin human. Resulting in the danger of dermal fibroblast. Dermis ware consists of 2 types of proteins, namely collagen, and elastin. These proteins are important for the repair and recovery of human skin after injury or degradation of collagen (Hu et al.2018).
Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery using clay-based composites
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Farzaneh Sabbagh, Beom Soo Kim
Nano-tailored clay minerals can serve as excellent vehicles for drug delivery [72,131]. Figure 4 provides a schematic diagram of drug release from clay in cell organs. It has been reported that clay can control drug release behavior and reduce acidity by absorbing protons [132]. The composition of clay/drug nanocomposites (montmorillonite-norfloxacin) was investigated for in vitro drug release testing [60]. The nanocomposite did not interfere with fibroblast growth and increased the antimicrobial efficacy of free drugs against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus [60]. Another composition made of polyimide-montmorillonite was investigated. Clay-reinforced polyimide was applied to produce microneedles with a length of 250 μm. It has been found that the needle strength was sufficient to penetrate rabbit skin [74]. In another study, in vitro results of drug-loaded polymer nanocomposites (piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin/PEG/montmorillonite) showed that the molecular weight of the polymer strongly influenced the release rate [54]. Reshmi et al. [67] used PCL to produce composite electro spun membranes with a ‘nano in micro’ design. Montmorillonite nanosheets can be used as drug payloads in PCL electro spun membranes [67]. In vitro degradation investigations of PCL/montmorillonite electro spun membranes revealed a novel degradation mode. Human dermal fibroblast proliferation and adhesion were moderately improved. Drug release was extended for 15 days using montmorillonite nanosheets loaded with vitamin B12 incorporated into the electro spun membrane [65].
The Anticancer Effect of Inula viscosa Methanol Extract by miRNAs’ Re-regulation: An in vitro Study on Human Malignant Melanoma Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Dilara Kamer Colak, Unal Egeli, Isil Ezgi Eryilmaz, Onder Aybastier, Hulusi Malyer, Gulsah Cecener, Berrin Tunca
Human MM cell lines (A2058, BRAF mutated and MeWo, BRAF wild-type) were kindly provided from Dr. Seyhan Türk at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Dr. Nalan Yıldız at Boğaziçi University Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics under favorable conditions. The human primary dermal fibroblast cell line (PCS-201-012™) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). A2058 was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 4.5 g/l D-glucose, sodium pyruvate, and L-glutamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Wisent Bio Products, USA). MeWo was cultured under the same conditions as A2058, but only 1% MEM non-essential amino acid solution (MEM NEAA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was added into the growth medium. The human primary dermal fibroblast cell line was cultured using a FibroGRO LS Complete Media Kit (Merck Millipore, Germany). All cell lines were incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a humid incubator (Panasonic, Japan). The cells’ growth mediums were changed every 2-3 day, and cells were passaged by using Trypsin-EDTA 0.25% (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).