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Current Status and Role of Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Haohao Wang, Suping Wang, Xuedong Zhou, Jiyao Li, Libang He, Lei Cheng
Bonding system is one of the branches of dental restorative dentistry, and its primary aim is to provide retention of restorations, typically composites, to the natural substance of teeth enamel and dentin. Historically, adhesive dentistry can be traced to 1955 when Dr. Michael Buonocore first demonstrated the bonding of acrylic resin to etched enamel (Buonocore 1955). Since then, adhesive technology has evolved rapidly in the following years. By now, the bonding system has evolved to the seventh generation, from no-etch (first-generation) to total-etch (fourth- and fifth-generation) to self-etch (sixth- and seventh-generation) systems (Freedman and Leinfelder 2002; Kugel and Ferrari 2000). These advances have led to a large number of commercial adhesives, providing great convenience and satisfactory performance in clinical applications Beyth et al. (2007), Breschi et al. (2010).
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
Dentin is a mineralized tissue that forms the bulk of the crown and root of the tooth, giving the root its form; it surrounds coronal and radicular pulp, forming the walls of the pulp chamber and root canals; its composition is approximately 67% inorganic, 20% organic and 13% water (Glossary of Endodontic Terms 2016).
The gastrointestinal system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Sharon J. White, Francis A. Carey
The teeth consist of three specialized mineralized tissues with underlying soft-tissue pulp (Figure 10.1). Dentine is a thick layer of tubular, calcified, collagenous tissue that surrounds the pulp. On the crown of the tooth, the dentine is covered by enamel, an acellular tissue consisting largely of calcium apatite crystals in a delicate organic matrix. Cementum overlies the root dentine. At the apex of each root is one or more foramina through which vessels and nerves enter the pulp. The teeth are attached to the jaws by the periodontium, a specialized supportive complex comprising cementum, the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingiva. The deciduous or ‘baby’ teeth erupt within the first few years of life and total 20 in number. From 6 years of age, additional permanent teeth erupt and the deciduous teeth are gradually replaced by permanent successors to give a full adult complement of 32 teeth by the late teens.
Adverse effects of orthodontic forces on dental pulp. Appearance and character. A systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Jukka Huokuna, Vuokko Loimaranta, Merja A. Laine, Anna-Liisa Svedström-Oristo
Hatrom et al. [28] reported a reduction in pulp volume after orthodontic treatment. Popp et al. [57] studied changes in pulp volume related to orthodontic treatment using periapical radiographs. During the 5-year study period, narrowing of the pulp was observed both in the experimental group and the control group, and was interpreted to be caused by the secondary dentine formation related to the natural ageing process. On the other hand, CBCT applied by Venkatesh et al. [58] indicated slight decrease in pulp volume after 17–18 months of the orthodontic force application. The decrease was interpreted to be caused by tertiary dentine deposition. While secondary dentine is formed continuously throughout life, tertiary dentine is formed in response to an external stimulus [59]. More studies are needed to find out whether orthodontic treatment truly causes narrowing of the pulp chamber through the formation of tertiary dentine, or whether the observed slight narrowing results from secondary dentine formation.
Reduced mesiodistal tooth dimension in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
L. Staun Larsen, K. J. Thuesen, H. Gjørup, J. D. Hald, M. Væth, M. Dalstra, D. Haubek
In addition to OI, some individuals are diagnosed with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) as part of the same genetic disorder. A diagnosis of DI is established clinically by a characteristic greyish-blue to brown discolouration (opalescent) as well as pulp obliterations of the teeth [7,8]. The discolouration is due to the underlying affected dentine only, though, the enamel is fragile given this abnormality. Structurally, dentine is composed of hydroxyapatite crystals and an organic phase composed almost entirely of collagen type-1 and water. Depending on the impact of DI, the impaired collagen may affect the outer contours of the tooth and the dimension of the tooth crown. Furthermore, malocclusion in terms of mandibular overjet and open bite is a common trait in patients with OI [9–12]. In a recent study, individuals with OI were shown to have more severe malocclusions than a control group, including a potential increased risk of crowding of maxillary incisors [13]. Previous studies have demonstrated crowding in the dental arches to be positively correlated with mesiodistal dimension of teeth [14–17]. Thus, it might be hypothesised that the mesiodistal dimension of teeth is increased in patients with OI, compared to healthy individuals. This is in contradiction to the hypothesised reduced tooth dimension due to the impaired collagen. Potentially, deviations in dimension might have restorative implications.
Design optimization of a functionally graded overlay using FEA
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
V. Fouquet, L. Tapie, J. P. Attal, A. Benoit
A dental vitroceramics (E = 80 GPa) was chosen for the outer layer because its mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) are close to enamel and prevent the erosion of the opposite tooth. To bond a ceramic restoration on dentine, dental surgeons classically use the 2-layers bonding system implemented in our model: its bottom layer is an immediate dentine sealing (IDS) with a methacrylate resin (80 µm thick, E = 1 GPa) whereas its upper layer is a glass-filled charged luting composite resin which we tested several thicknesses (from 100 µm to 300 µm) and stiffnesses (from E = 6.3 GPa to E = 15 GPa). All materials, including dentine (E = 20 GPa), are modeled with an isotropic and elastic mechanical behavior. Finally, the FGM is considered as a multilayer ceramic material, whose number of layers can vary from 3 to 10 layers of the same thickness. Its range of elastic moduli can vary from 20 to 80 GPa and its proportional thickness between 30% and 70% of the entire restoration. All these parameters are tuned to optimize the stress reduction in the dental restoration. The impact of the FGM for different restoration sizes is also assessed for clinically relevant restoration thicknesses (1–3 mm).