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Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Figure 43.7 is a longitudinal view of the anterior talofibular ligament. Ligaments are composed of dense, regular connective tissue similar to that of tendons. Their structure differs from that of tendons in that more interweaving of collagen fibers is observed in ligaments, giving them a less regular histological and sonographic appearance (Van Holsbeeck & Introcaso, 2001).
Mass spectrometric analysis to unravel the venom proteome composition of Indian snakes: opening new avenues in clinical research
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Abhishek Chanda, Ashis K. Mukherjee
As already discussed, ‘Big Four’ snake venom is a complex cocktail of various proteins and polypeptides that possess high-affinity binding, specificity, and selectivity toward their targets, for example, targeting cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems and/or blood coagulation factors of the prey or victim [70,86,87]. Several of these venom proteins are demonstrated to be drug prototypes, and they hold a great promise in therapeutic application to combat various deadly diseases due to their nontoxic nature in isolation and their specificity toward the target receptors even at a very low concentration. Several such proteins (PLA2, KSPI, and LAAO) and peptides (RVVAP, Ruviprase, and drCT-I) purified from Indian snake venoms have been pharmacologically characterized to be potential drug candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, anticancer therapy, and wound healing [68,69,86,88–94]. The proteomic profiling of the venom proteome of the Indian snakes, therefore, provides a better catalog of the goldmine in identifying novel molecules with robust pharmacological characteristics toward finding cures for noxious ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease [21,95].
Immediate tendon transfer for functional reconstruction of a dorsal forearm defect after sarcoma resection
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Ryo Karakawa, Hidehiko Yoshimatsu, Yuma Fuse, Kenta Tanakura, Tomohiro Imai, Masayuki Sawaizumi, Tomoyuki Yano
The functional disability associated with sarcoma resection consists of dysfunction due to neurectomy and due to muscle resection. Tendon transfer techniques for paralysis can be applied to patients with the sarcoma on the forearm. The choice of tendons to transfer for radial nerve palsy is the main problem for reconstructive surgeons. The FCU and the FCR are widely used for restoration of finger extension. However, the choice between these two tendons remains controversial [9–12]. The FCU is the stronger flexor of the wrist, having twice as much power compared to the FCR [10]. This property of the FCU entails the following two drawbacks when used for tendon transfer; radial deviation and loss of wrist strength. Therefore, the FCR is our preferred option for the restoration of finger extension due to the drawbacks of the FCU. Its excursion is equal to that of the EDC, with slightly inferior power [11]. In our case series, the FCU was transferred in one case. In this case, the FCR had to be preserved to maintain the wrist flexion because the wide resection included the FCU. The BR transfer was performed in two patients. In these two cases, the surgery was complex, requiring reconstruction of extensive defects and bone reconstruction, respectively. Therefore, the BR tendon transfer, which is a much simpler method, was chosen to avoid a prolonged operation time. The FCR could be transferred in six out of nine patients in our series and good finger extension was obtained. This suggested that this method may be feasible even with sarcoma patients. This may be biologically plausible because tumors rarely extend beyond the interosseous membrane and the muscles and tendons of the ventral aspect are intact. This is because dense regular connective tissue is assumed to provide a more robust anatomical barrier to tumor cell infiltration [13,14]. Tables 2 and 3 showed better postoperative ROM of finger extension in the patients who underwent tendon transfer using the FCR or FCU than in the patients who underwent tendon transfer using the BR. This suggests that using FCR or FCU may be an effective way of restoring the finger extension.