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Microbiological Diagnosis of Viral Diseases
Published in Nancy Khardori, Bench to Bedside, 2018
The following are common examples of this diagnostic modality:In the Tzanck test, scrapings from the base of an unroofed vesicular or ulcerated lesion are smeared onto a slide, air-dried and fixed with 95% alcohol, then stained by the Giemsa or modified Papanicolaou (Pap) stains (Fig. 1). The presence of multinucleate giant cells (with or without intranuclear inclusion bodies) is suggestive of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 or 2 (HSV-1 or -2) or the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Inclusion bodies are better visualized in Pap stained smears (Smith and Kubat 2009).In transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy, and cancer patients on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, a common cause of pneumonitis is HCMV. In such patients, Giemsa or Pap stained smears from tracheal aspirates, bronchial washings/brushings or BAL fluid, etc. may reveal large intranuclear ‘owl eye’ inclusion bodies in the nucleus.In renal transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) nephropathy, urinary sediment may reveal ‘decoy cells’ in the urinary sediment.
Cytology of Bladder Cancer
Published in George T. Bryan, Samuel M. Cohen, The Pathology of Bladder Cancer, 2017
Single urothelial cells are often numerous and they must be carefully evaluated. The majority represent a relatively mature type of cell with abundant cytoplasm and one or more variable-sized nuclei. The more confusing atypical single cells are generally few in number and exhibit a degree of degenerative change with beginning nuclear deterioration. They are one half to two thirds the size of the superficial cells and have enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei. They may fall into the category of the so-called “comet” or “decoy” cells (see Figure 28).83 Infrequent better-preserved cells of reparative type and similar size exhibit rather dense cytoplasm and have enlarged immature open structured nuclei often containing a nucleolus (see Figure 29). They contribute to the mean cell and nuclear areas and N to C ratio which closely approximate the figures for cells from papilloma and Grade I papillary carcinoma.64
BK virus in kidney transplant recipients with graft dysfunction
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Doaa Mohamed Riad, Wafaa Kamel Mowafy, Hazem Hamed Saleh, Essam Mahmoud El Sawy, Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier
Urine cytology: Cytology smears from urine samples of case group were performed. Standard smears were prepared from fresh voided morning urine samples, fixed in alcohol, and stained with Papanicolaou stain. When positive for Decoy cells, the number of cells was counted (Figure 1).Renal graft biopsies: Renal graft biopsies were performed for all patients in the case group.Immunostaining with SV40 m-Ab: SV40 m-Ab from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA) was used.