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Non-Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Pathogenesis:Insult (bacterial, chemical, or physical such as a catheter).Pseudostratified columnar epithelium → stratified squamous epitheliumSplits develop in the epithelium.Urine extravasation occurs (no subepithelial layer c.f. muscularis).Fibrosis develops in the spongiosis tissue.Repetitive insults cause more fibrosis.Coalescence of fibrous plaques leads to circumferential fibrosis.Constriction of the urethral lumen.Obstruction leads to squamous metaplasia upstream.Proximal propagation of stricture.
The cell and tissues
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
The centrosome is an area near the nucleus that contains a pair of rod-like structures called the centrioles. This area and the centrioles are associated with the process of cell division. They produce the mitotic spindle in dividing cells. The centrioles also form the basis of cilia and flagella. Cilia are typically found on the columnar epithelium of the lining of the respiratory tract. They are involved in the movement of dust particles and mucus up the respiratory tract. The only example found in humans of a cell with a flagellum is the sperm.
Esophageal Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Jennifer Kahan, Carys Morgan, Kieran Foley, Thomas Crosby
Barrett’s esophagus describes a process whereby an abnormal intestinal-type columnar epithelium replaces esophageal squamous epithelium damaged by refluxed gastric contents; this leads to an excess risk of developing an adenocarcinoma that may be 30–125 times the average for an age group. Gastro-esophageal reflux and Barrett’s esophagus both occur with greatest frequency in white males.
Efficacy of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped gold nanorods against 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oviduct and endometrial cancers in albino rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Hend Gamal, Walid Tawfik, Hassan H El-Sayyad, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Ahmed N. Emam, Heba A El-Ghaweet
The oviduct from the negative control group was examined histologically. It revealed normal mucosa in the proximal portion of the oviduct that was flung into a sequence of branched longitudinal folds and extended past the oviduct’s open cranial end as finger-like processes known as fimbria. As one gets closer to the uterus, the creases become less noticeable. The mucosa is a straightforward columnar epithelium with secretory cells that are both ciliated and unciliated. Large lymphatic capillaries are found in the highly vascular lamina propria that lies beneath the epithelium (Figure 5a). An acquired circular or spiral layer of smooth muscle (the muscular) and a less well-improved outer layer of longitudinally oriented smooth muscle were visible in the oviduct of the PVP-capped AuNRs positive control group (Figure 5b). In the DMBA carcinogenesis group, the oviduct revealed degenerated mucosal folds with loss of both ciliated and unciliated secretory cells. Palpable abnormality in lamina propria and disorganization of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle is presented in Figure 5c. The DMBA carcinogenesis group treated with PVP-capped AuNRs exhibited modest improvement, but the mucosal folds remained aberrant in morphology and lacked vascular lamina propria differentiation (Figure 5d).
The efficacy of Origanum majorana nanocubosomal systems in ameliorating submandibular salivary gland alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Dina B. E. Farag, Carol Yousry, Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi, Hesham I. El-Askary, Meselhy R. Meselhy, Nermeen AbuBakr
Finally, well-organized, normally architected parenchymal elements were observed in group IV (DM + OE-NC4). The acini demonstrated a normal configuration, lined by neatly arranged pyramidal cells, having granular basophilic cytoplasm and rounded basally situated nuclei. The acinar cells’ septum was clearly observed. The GCTs presented normal features with distinct ductal boundaries and orderly arranged lining cells, containing characteristic eosinophilic granules. The striated ducts were lined by columnar cells with rounded nuclei and intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm with basal striations (Figure 4(D)). A neatly arranged pseudostratified columnar epithelium was clearly observed lining the excretory ducts. The ducts were surrounded by a relatively well-organized fibrous connective tissue stroma containing regular normal blood vessels (Figure 5(D)).
Risk of progression in Barrett’s esophagus based on diagnoses of general and gastrointestinal pathologists. A retrospective case-control study from Northern and Central Finland
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Heikki Huhta, Jukka Melkko, Teijo Kuopio, Tuomo J. Karttunen, Olli Helminen
This study was a retrospective case-control study derived from the Northern- and Central Finland population. Study inclusion criteria were HGD or EAC diagnosis with endoscopic surveillance for at least six months before the first HGD or EAC diagnosis. We identified 60 patients with HGD or EAC who met the inclusion criteria according to Oulu University Hospital and Jyväskylä Central Hospital records between the years 1987–2013 and 1995–2014, respectively. Control patients with non-progressing BE (n = 56) and LGD (n = 54) were identified from Oulu University Hospital and they were matched for sex, age, BMI and follow-up time. We defined BE as the presence of columnar epithelium in the esophagus, including patients with either gastric or intestinal metaplasia or both, and macroscopically visible lesion confirmed by the endoscopist.