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Individualized Prevention
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Lars Granath, William D. McHugh
Assessment of loss of periodontal attachment can be made by measurement of pocket depth or from radiographic determination of the extent of alveolar bone loss. Measurement of pocket depth is not as simple as it might seem since variation in the angle at which the probe is inserted, in the degree of inflammation of the periodontal tissues, and in the force used, have substantial influence on the result. In addition, the presence or absence of inflammatory edema of the gingival margin and the presence of gingival recession have obvious effects, although these can be largely overcome if measurement is made from the cemento-enamel junction or some other fixed identifiable point on the tooth surface. In spite of its problems and variability, however, periodontal probing does have clinical value for simple direct assessment of the extent of disease, especially in combination with other methods.
3D analysis of the clinical results of VISTA technique combined with connective tissue graft
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
D.S. Martins, L. Azevedo, N. Santos, T. Marques, C. Alves, A. Correia
Patients were recruited according to the following inclusion criteria: age ≥ 18 years, non-smokers, no systemic diseases or pregnancy; periodontal health (no active periodontal disease), including ability to maintain good oral hygiene and control of gingivitis with plaque indexes and bleeding in the oral cavity of less than or equal to 25%; not taking medication that interferes with the health of the periodontal tissues or their healing; no contraindication for periodontal surgery; presence of Miller Class III, single gingival recessions in aesthetic zone, which is equal to or greater than 1 mm and does not exceed 5 mm. Natural and clearly identifiable cemento-enamel junction and not clinical mobility were also inclusion criteria.
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
Root caries, which is seen apical to the cemento-enamel junction, is generally characterized by a soft active progressive lesion. Etiology is gingival recession as a result of periodontitis, age, radiation therapy, xero-stomia, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, primary root caries, recurrent caries, or diabetes. Microorganism responsible for root caries are S. mutants, Lactobacillus, and Actinobacillus. Root caries is mostly seen when there is periodontal ligament attachment loss. This exposes the root surface to the oral environment, which leads to infiltration of caries. They appear as a white or discolored, irregular, and progressive lesion (Zaremba et al., 2006).
Association of nine pathobionts with periodontitis in four South American and European countries
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Gerard Àlvarez, Alexandre Arredondo, Sergio Isabal, Wim Teughels, Isabelle Laleman, María José Contreras, Lorena Isbej, Enrique Huapaya, Gerardo Mendoza, Carolina Mor, José Nart, Vanessa Blanc, Rubén León
The demographic and clinical parameters recorded were age, gender, PPD, CAL and BOP. The probing depth and gingival recession/overgrowth (with the cementoenamel junction [CEJ] as a reference point) were measured to the nearest 1 mm (buccally and orally of each root, and at each approximal site, both buccally and orally) by means of a periodontal probe. CAL was calculated using the sum of the PPD and the recession. BOP was evaluated 20 s after probing the depth of the pocket; the scores were 0 (absent) and 1 (present) [19]. Subgingival samples were taken from a total of 4 sites per individual using sterile endodontic paper points (size 30; 2 paper points per site), which were inserted for 30 s in the deepest pocket of each quadrant, following isolation and supragingival biofilm removal. The paper points were pooled in 2 ml screw cap microcentrifuge tubes, frozen at −80°C and shipped without interrupting the cold chain to the DENTAID Research Center (Spain). Similarly, the values of CAL and PPD of the four sites were averaged for each individual, and BOP was marked as positive in the presence of at least one bleeding site.
Sex-specific reference values for the crown heights of permanent anterior teeth and canines for assessing tooth wear
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Paula Roca-Obis, Ona Rius-Bonet, Carla Zamora-Olave, Eva Willaert, Jordi Martinez-Gomis
In 2016, Wetselaar and Lobbezoo developed the Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES) clinical guideline to assess tooth wear systematically across several modules [14]. One diagnostic module is to compare the clinical crown height of anterior teeth and canines against reference values [15]. However, this module could be improved in three aspects. First, the proposed technique measures from the incisal edge towards the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) using a periodontal probe. Taking the gingival margin as a reference in cases when the CEJ is not visible could allow the use of a calliper instead of a probe, which could improve measurement precision [16–18]. Second, the existing reference values do not differentiate measurements by gender despite knowledge that sexual dimorphism in tooth dimension has been reported [17,19–21]. Moreover, other factors could be related to clinical crown height, such as body height or laterality [22–26]. Third, when seeking to detect extreme values, reference values expressed as percentiles could be of more use than average values [27]. Although percentile distribution has been reported for mesiodistal crown size [27,28], overall maxillary central incisor height [29] and canine inclination [30], no percentile distributions are available for crown height.
Effects of radiotherapeutic X-ray irradiation on cervical enamel
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Yeşim Deniz, Çağatay Aktaş, Tuğba Misilli, Burak Çarıkçıoğlu
Sixteen extracted teeth were cleaned from their debris were kept in 4 °C distilled water for a period of one month. First, the roots were removed from the cementoenamel junction. Second, cervical third parts of the tooth with an up to 2-mm thickness were obtain using a double-faced diamond-coated steel disks (KG Sorensen, 7015, Barueri-SP, Brasil) mounted at a low-speed handpiece undercooling (running water). Then, sectioned slices were fixed in plexiglass plates by wax. The fixed parts of the tooth were sectioned by a diamond-coated band saw into two equal parts in the buccolingual direction, and three equal parts in the mesiodistal direction. Section directions and region of interest are schematically shown in Figure 1. All the specimens’ cut surfaces were polished and flattened by silicon carbide papers with a grit size of 500, 800, and 2000 in turn (Sharpness, Hubei Yuli Abrasive Belts Group Company, Hubei, China), and 0.5-µm alumina paste (Struers A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used for one minute each. All stages’ processes were conducted under water-cooling conditions to avoid dehydration of enamel. Finally, specimens were washed in an ultrasonic bath (Sonorex, RK 100H, BANDELIN electronic GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany) for 10 min to remove the debris caused by previous preparations and stored in distilled water until usage.