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How Nanoparticles Are Generated
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
Cement is not a material which is particularly capable of resisting time and bad weather. As for durability, its buildings can't be compared to those built centuries ago, which are still perfectly usable and accessible. Just as an example, there are still bridges and aqueducts built by the Romans about 20 centuries ago or more which are still used today. Consular roads such as, for example, the Via Emilia in Italy have not needed major maintenance for 2000 years. As a matter of fact, cement cannot last longer than a few decades. Yet, we keep using huge quantities of cement and we produce it in different varieties according to the particular intended use.
Surgery of the Hip
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Daud TS Chou, Jonathan Miles, John Skinner
Cementation is performed with a double mix of polymethylmethacrylate cement, using a cement gun with a long nozzle. The cement is introduced when it is of sufficient viscosity (when the cement does not stick to the surgeon's glove, the required viscosity has been reached – typically after around 2–3 minutes).
An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
In the large group of applied dental materials presented in this branch, the bioactive types of cement and antibacterial polymers for dentures have given the step ahead. Luting types of cement are often used to attach dental crowns and bridges in place over prepared abutment teeth. Basic mechanical, biological, and handling requirements must be met by the cement such as not harming the tooth structure or tissues, allow sufficient working time to place the restoration, enough fluidity to allow complete seating of the restoration, must quickly form a hardened mass strong enough to resist functional forces, must not dissolve or wash out, and must maintain a sealed and intact restoration (Hill 2007).
Management of cervical fractures in ankylosing spondylitis patients: immediate fixation effort via vertebroplasty with one-staged combined anterior and posterior fixation
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Ming-Fai Tse, Yi-Hsin Tsai, Lin-Hsue Yang, Fu-Shan Jaw, Che-Kuang Lin
To further enhance the stability and to avoid iatrogenic complications, as mentioned above, we tried to combine the two procedures: (1) combined anterior and posterior fixation and (2) vertebroplasty, applied to the potentially unstable spine fracture in AS patients. Kulkarni et al.58 showed that adopting vertebroplasty in AS patients with AO classification type A1 fractures who are at high risk of mortality and morbidity with either anterior or posterior fixation results in excellent pain control and recovery after the procedure. Kim et al.59 also described an AS patient diagnosed with an L3 compression fracture involving two columns who was treated with kyphoplasty alone under local anesthesia, with a VAS improvement of 10 to 3 after the procedure. The cement could also contribute to mechanical support at the fracture site, which can further reduce the fracture site mobility and provide bone union benefits.
Evaluation of oxidative stress, blood parameters, and neurocognitive status in cement factory workers
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Ali Akbar Malekirad, Kobra Rahzani, Marziyeh Ahmadi, Mohammad Rezaei, Mohammad Abdollahi, Samira Shahrjerdi, Ali Roostaie, Hamid Reza Mohajerani, Najmeh Sadat Boland Nazar, Farhad Torfi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Since the end of the twentieth century, using cement materials globally and mainly in developing countries has been increased (Kumie et al.2016, Praveena and Aris 2018). Exposure to cement dust mostly during work is considered as a health hazard factor for workers in various cement-related industries (Cohen et al.2014, Donato et al.2016, Rachiotis et al.2017, Rahmani et al.2018). Cement dust influence through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion which affect many body’s organs such as the nervous and musculoskeletal system, lung, heart, liver, and spleen (Vuorio et al.1989, Ansari et al.2007, Meo et al.2013, Cohen et al.2014). Besides, bladder and lung cancer were associated with long-time exposure to cement dust (Smailyte et al.2004) while the hematological disorder and genetic damage (Jude et al.2002) and adverse effects on hematology and liver function (Mojiminiyi et al.2008) were well demonstrated.
Use of antibiotic-impregnated hydroxyapatite for infection following total knee arthroplasty
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Masahiro Hasegawa, Shine Tone, Yohei Naito, Hiroki Wakabayashi, Akihiro Sudo
The timing of the second stage reimplantation was dependent on infection control and clinical symptoms. The criteria for reimplantation of TKA were healing of the wound, normal CRP level, and negative culture results after the surgery to remove the components. After removal of antibiotic-impregnated HA, tissue samples were obtained for biopsy and cultures. Eradication of infection was evaluated by intraoperative frozen section analysis [16]. Revision TKA was performed using the NexGen system (Zimmer Biomet) with the insertion of antibiotic-impregnated HA blocks into the canal (Figure 3). Metal augments were used for the femoral side in all cases and for the tibial side in 6 cases. Antibiotic containing bone cement was used for fixation of components, but long stems were press-fitted under a hybrid technique. VCM and AMK or gentamycin (GM) were contained in bone cement. The mean period from the removal of all components and treatment with antibiotic-impregnated HA to revision TKA was 3.4 months (range: 1–6 months). Intravenous antibiotics (CEZ) were given for 2 weeks, and administration of oral antibiotics (LVFX and/or ST) were continued for 3 months following reimplantation.