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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Paget's disease of bone interferes with the normal remodeling process so that the bones eventually become fragile and deformed. As its scientific name Osteitis deformans suggests, Paget Disease is an inflammatory process.35 Often affecting the skull, Paget Disease may involve any bone, especially the pelvis, femur, tibia, humerus, clavicle, and vertebrae. Bone metabolism and turnover are accelerated locally, and affected bone is metabolically hyperactive and highly vascular, unlike healthy bone. Thermography over a site of Paget Disease shows distinct and significant warmth patterns.36 This warmth has three sources: core heat from increased blood flow within the affected bone, the increased metabolic activity of bone turnover, and NO diffusing from the inflamed bone. Osteoclasts express both iNOS and eNOS.37 Thermography is useful for identifying the location of Paget Disease and following the response to treatment.38
Diagnosis and Treatment Model of the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolism disease caused by the loss of bone matrix and minerals. It causes a decrease in bone strength and an increase in brittleness. Even minor trauma can cause fractures. COVID-19 patients believe that long-term bed rest is the best way for recovering from the disease due to the reduced space for activities in the isolation ward or the lack of understanding of the disease. This misunderstanding causes patients to stay in bed for a long time. Patients’ bones lack stimulations, such as weight-bearing, center of gravity, and muscle activity, which gradually leads to bone loss and degeneration of the fibrous structure of bone tissue. Due to the long-term lack of sunlight in the isolation ward, 7-dehydrocholesterol in the human body cannot be converted into vitamin D3, which affects calcium absorption and bone mineralization disorders. Moreover, long-term inactivity affects the patient’s endocrine system and increases calcium excretion in the urine. All of the above further aggravate the patient’s osteoporosis. Patients with disuse osteoporosis caused by immobilization can lose 30%–40% of their total bone mass in a relatively short period. Therefore, prevention is more important than treatment for OP.
Ultratrace Minerals
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Overall, animal studies with boron indicated that boron exerts indirect effects on mineral and bone metabolism, probably by modifying hormonal responses to vitamin D and other hormones involved in calcium and magnesium metabolism (Table 2). Interactions with other minerals known to be important for bone metabolism were also indicated. However, effects of boron were indirect and complicated, and multiple mechanisms were postulated, perhaps due to a regulatory mechanism similar to calcium. Deficiencies of boron were associated with suboptimal bone formation, and suboptimal mineral metabolism, indicating boron meets the criteria for an essential nutrient for animals.
Relationships between blood bone metabolic biomarkers and anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Fan Li, Xiaoxue Ye, Guang Yang, Hui Huang, Anning Bian, Changying Xing, Shaowen Tang, Jing Zhang, Yao Jiang, Huimin Chen, Caixia Yin, Lina Zhang, Jing Wang, Yaoyu Huang, Wenbin Zhou, Huiting Wan, Xiaoming Zha, Ming Zeng, Ningning Wang
Serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are related to bone metabolism. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an important role in skeletal mineralization and is the most widely recognized biochemical marker for osteoblast activity [15]. Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is a major mediator of bone remodeling and an essential regulator of Ca and P homeostasis [16]. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone secreted by osteocytes and osteoblasts, is a potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis [13]. Finally, α-klotho is a membrane protein that is highly expressed in the kidney, especially in the distal tubular epithelial cells [17]. Patients with advanced CKD have a significant reduction in α-klotho levels and progressively lose the ability to prevent phosphate retention [18].
Isoorientin ameliorates osteoporosis and oxidative stress in postmenopausal rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Zhilin Cao, Wei Liu, Benjun Bi, Hao Wu, Gong Cheng, Zhongyuan Zhao
Bone metabolism mainly involves osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Bone metabolism can reflect changes in bone turnover, metabolism, and remodelling (Hou et al. 2020). Osteoblasts secrete BGP. Changes in serum BGP levels reflect osteoblasts activity. TRACP-5b reflects the number and functional activity of osteoclasts (Yang et al. 2018). The levels of ALP, TRACP-5b, and CTx-I in the model control group increased, while the level of BGP decreased, indicating that after ovariectomy, the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts increased, and the rate of bone turnover increased, leading to increased bone loss. After medication intervention, compared with the model control group, the serum ALP, TRACP-5b, and CTx-I levels of the oestradiol and isoorientin groups were significantly reduced, and the level of BGP was decreased, suggesting that oestradiol and isoorientin treatment can affect osteoclast and osteoblast activities and improve bone metabolism. A previous study investigated the effective components of Acer palmatum cv. Atropurpureum (Sapindaceae) leaves, including isoorientin, which has health-promoting effects that help prevent osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and facilitating osteoblastogenesis (Kuriya et al. 2019). Our study also indicated that isoorientin treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis and enhanced osteoblastogenesis.
Feasibility of assessing male osteoporosis using MRI IDEAL-IQ sequence of proximal femur in prostate cancer patients
Published in The Aging Male, 2022
Daisuke Watanabe, Takahiro Kimura, Kazuki Yanagida, Takahiro Yoshida, Norikazu Kawae, Takahiro Nakamura, Hajime Kajihara, Akio Mizushima
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide, and the incidence is expected to increase as the population ages [1,2]. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a core component of prostate cancer treatment, affects bone remodeling and leads to cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) as a serious complication leading to decreased quality of life (QOL) in elderly men [3,4]. CTIBL not only increases fracture frequency but also shortens overall survival [4]. Conventional tools for assessing bone health include bone densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and blood tests to measure bone metabolism markers. However, the proportion of prostate cancer patients receiving ADT who are screened for bone health is inadequate, and many patients who require treatment for CTIBL are often left undiagnosed and untreated, resulting in preventable fractures [5,6].