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Alternatives to hormone replacement therapy: what is the role of calcium and vitamin D?
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
Today it is generally accepted, however, that in the complex pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis, the secondary hyperpara- thyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency and low calcium intake is a very important contributing factor. In a study from Lyon it was shown in 1987 that vitamin D in a dose range from only 400 to 800 iu per day was able to increase 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in blood, and to normalize parathyroid hormone23. Recently it has again been shown that a supplementation with calcium and vitamin D in elderly women is very effective in suppressing parathyroid hormone levels and reducing hone turnover24.
Parathyroid disease
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
These patients require the input of an endocrinologist and are not managed surgically. They require calcium, vitamin D and magnesium replacement with replacement parathyroid hormone being a recent potential treatment option.
Metabolic and endocrine disorders
Published in Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol, Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol
Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium, which is vital for most controlling systems in physiology: Calcium levels determined by dietary intake, vitamin D status.Fine control conducted by parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroids.
Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting low muscle mass in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Rongrong Tian, Liyang Chang, Ying Zhang, Hongmei Zhang
Collection and measurement of samples were performed as previously described [22]. Age, sex, dialysis vintage, primary kidney disease, body mass index (BMI), residual kidney function (RKF), and laboratory data were collected at the time of research recruitment. RKF was defined as a 24-h urine output of more than 200 mL. All laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin and serum concentrations of creatinine [SCr], blood urea nitrogen [BUN], hypersensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TCH], serum phosphorus, serum albumin, and total protein, were tested using fasting blood samples collected before dialysis at the midweek session. Intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH] assays were used to determine serum parathyroid hormone concentrations. Single-pool Kt/V for urea was calculated as an indicator of dialysis dose, and normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA) was calculated as an indicator of protein metabolism [23].
Penile calciphylaxis with extragenital gangrene
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Marcus Zaayman, Annika Silfvast-Kaiser, Edgar Rodriguez, Andrew J. DeCrescenzo, Alan Menter
Our examination revealed painful, dry gangrene of the distal glans penis (Figure 1). The left foot had dry gangrene involving the metatarsophalangeal joints and toes 1 to 3. A persistent retiform purpuric plaque surrounded the previous right thigh biopsy site. Pulses were absent in his bilateral lower extremities at the ankles. The patient was admitted for inpatient hospitalization with laboratory results as follows: calcium 9.3 mg/dL, phosphate 5.6 mg/dL, calcium-phosphate product 52.1 mg2/dL2, albumin 2.7 g/dL, and body mass index 24.2 kg/m2. The parathyroid hormone level was 626 pg/mL. An excisional biopsy from the right thigh revealed focal calcification of a medium-sized deep dermal vessel with microcalcifications of the dermis. The patient was started on cinacalcet to further control parathyroid hormone and calcium derangements, and sodium thiosulfate and sevelamer were continued. To avoid unnecessary morbidity, urology elected to defer surgical intervention until medical therapy and wound care were optimized.
Mobility and Biomechanical Functions in the Aging Male: Testosterone and the Locomotive Syndrome
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Julius E. Fink, Anthony C. Hackney, Masahito Matsumoto, Takahiro Maekawa, Shigeo Horie
For women, osteoporosis occurs in the postmenopausal state or with aging in males. Additionally, secondary osteoporosis is associated with by several endocrine disorders (Hypogonadism, pituitary disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, and pregnancy-associated osteoporosis), autoimmune and chronic diseases (Rheumatic disorders, chronic renal disease, chronic pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal diseases, transplantation, granulomatous diseases, and systemic mastocytosis), bone and malignant diseases (Multiple myeloma, lymphomas and leukemias, metastatic bone disease, anemia, and Gaucher’s disease), and smoking and excessive alcohol intake [2]. Currently, several methods of treatment including anti-resorptive treatments (Oestrogen, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, and RANKL antibody) and anabolic treatments (Parathyroid hormone or parathyroid hormone-related peptide analogus) [3].