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Body fluids and electrolytes
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Any situation which increases the level of total serum or ionised calcium may cause hypercalcaemia. Hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the two main causes. Cancer (commonly breast and lung cancers and lymphoma), which invades and destroys the bones, may cause more calcium to be released into the bloodstream. Immobility can result in loss of bone mineral leading to an increase in total calcium in the bloodstream.
Surgical Management of Parathyroid Disorders
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Neeti Kapre Gupta, Gregory W. Randolph, Dipti Kamani
The following types of surgical procedures exist for the management of hyperparathyroidism: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomyBilateral neck exploration
The Thyroid and the Parathyroid Glands
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Once primary hyperparathyroidism has been diagnosed, surgery is indicated. The use of mithramycin in the dose of 25 μg/kg body weight, not to exceed 2 mg/day, given by slow i.v. drip, once, 2 days prior to surgery will control the hypercalcemia and avoid its complications at the time of surgery and under general anesthesia.
The Value of Preoperative and Intraoperative Ultrasound in the Localization of Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenomas
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Wei Zhao, Ruigang Lu, Li Yin, Bojun Wei, Mulan Jin, Chun Zhang, Ruijun Guo, Xiuzhang Lv
IPA is rare and may be misdiagnosed as one of the thyroid nodules. The sonographic appearance of IPAs was identified as profoundly hypoechoic solid nodules with clear boundary, regular shape, rich blood vessels, and the presence of polar feeding vessels which originate from thyroid artery by color doppler sonography was regarded as characteristic features of US for IPAs in this research. The accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis and localization of IPA depends on the experience of ultrasound physicians. In our hospital, the serum calcium and PTH level are routinely measured for suspected hyperparathyroidism before ultrasonic examination. However, if hypercalcemia was not noted in advance, it is difficult to identify parathyroid adenomas, especially parathyroid adenomas located in the thyroid gland. Additionally, intraoperative ultrasound can make the whole operation more time-saving and accurate.
Investigation of anticancer activities of STA-9090 (ganetespib) as a second generation HSP90 inhibitor in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Calciotropic hormones and receptors are involved in pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.31,32 According to the results of our study, the significant increase in ERα and ERβ in Saos-2 cells that exposed to STA-9090 indicates that it could be used in the treatment of osteosarcoma. It is stated that ERα and ERβ are generally related to inhibition of osteosarcoma growth and metastases in the literature. Unlike normal osteoblast cells, osteosarcoma cells do not express ERα. Osuna and coworkers reported that decitabine (5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine) stimulated expression of ERα and induced inhibition of cell proliferation, metastases and differentiation of osteoblast in 143B osteosarcoma cells.31 Yang et al reported that ERβ inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion ability by regulating integrin, IAP, NF-kB/BCL-2 and PI3K/Akt signal pathway in U2-OS osteosarcoma cell line.32 Several studies have shown association between hyperparathyroidism and bone malignancy.33,34 A high level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates osteosarcoma cells and induces the migration of osteosarcoma cells via hyaluronan metabolism. To prevent overexpression of PTH is an important target to treat patients with osteosarcoma.35 In our study, the significant decrease in PTH gene expression in Saos-2 cells that were exposed to STA-9090 indicates that this compound could be used in the remedy of osteosarcoma.
A short-term non-randomized controlled study of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation and parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Junfeng Zhao, Linxue Qian, Changsheng Teng, Mingan Yu, Fangyi Liu, Yujiang Liu, Xiaoqu Tan, Jianming Li
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a global health problem, with the annual incidence rate of 1425 per million people [1], and the prevalence rate is steadily increasing [2,3]. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common and serious complication of dialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) [4,5], which can lead to multiple organ system involvement and death [6]. Surgical treatment is necessary for patients with intractable hyperparathyroidism, and the reported surgical resection rate was 7–8 per 1000 person-years, which has remained unchanged for many years [7]. In 2018, there were about 520,000 renal dialysis patients in China [8]. About 60% of maintenance dialysis patients had different degrees of SHPT, and the compliance rate of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) control in these patients was only about 55%. Renal failure and its associated complications resulted in poor physical condition, such as cardiopulmonary dysfunction, and the patient's tolerance to surgery was poor, so the surgical rate of the remaining patients was only 2% (Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, DOPPS). Thermal ablation therapy has become a research hotspot since it is minimally invasive and has short operation time (more than 10 min). The preliminary results showed that microwave ablation (MWA) of SHPT has a significant effect [9]. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the two methods through a multi-center, prospective cohort study.