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Fluorescent Technology in the Assessment of Metabolic Disorders in Diabetes
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Elena V. Zharkikh, Viktor V. Dremin, Andrey V. Dunaev
Noninvasive optical methods are increasingly used in biomedical diagnostics. Fluorescence spectroscopy, in particular, has found its application in chemistry, biology, and various fields of medicine. This method is highly sensitive and allows us to study various pathological changes of biological tissues in the development of socially significant diseases. Fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging techniques are probably the most common biomedical photonics methods used in skin research. By analyzing fluorescence data, one can extract information about the structure and component composition of the biological tissue and its functional state. Fluorescence provides insight into both the conformation of fluorescent molecules and their binding as well as their interactions within biological tissues.
Patterns of Injury
Published in Mansoor Khan, David Nott, Fundamentals of Frontline Surgery, 2021
Danyal Magnus, Katherine A. Brown, Mansoor Khan, William G. Proud
Materials behave differently depending on the rate at which they are deformed. A simple example is a polymer sheet, which can be pulled slowly and will extend with little effort. If the same sheet is given a violent tug, the material behaves as if it was very rigid and may snap as opposed to deforming. Biological tissues are a form of complex polymeric composite often with collagen being a key material (e.g., in skin). In this section, we describe the effects of high loading rare on selected materials, skin, bone, and trachea, in each case indicating how the mechanical properties have changed the physical effect. The effects of strain rate and mechanical response influence the severity and areas of the injury.
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Soft Tissue Viscoelasticity and Dielectric Relaxation
Published in A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto, Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System, 2021
A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto
On the contrary, hard tissues are calcified tissues in the human body, which are formed by the mineralization process. The various hard tissues in the body are bone, tooth enamel, dentin and cementum. The material properties and characteristics of soft tissues vary significantly from those of hard tissues. In general, the properties of a material can be classified into mechanical, optical, acoustic, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties, as shown in Figure 1.4. These properties play a significant role in defining the functions of various tissue types. Hence, it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the material properties of biological tissues to design suitable therapeutic and diagnostic equipment.
Unusual Corneal Sarcoidosis Manifestations
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Andrea Córdoba, Luis F. Mejía, Natalia González, Juan C. Gil
Sterile infiltrates related to corneal sutures were another corneal manifestation in our patient; negative cultures revealed their sterile character, besides the poor response to antibiotic therapy and excellent response after suture removal and steroid management. Commonly, several biological tissues can develop foreign body reactions, involving the development of an inflammatory reaction with the formation of a granuloma composed of proteins, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells in response to a foreign body. Therefore, we believe that it is not a coincidence that sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease, and there may be a greater predisposition in the patients experiencing it to develop granulomatous sterile infiltrates in reaction to corneal foreign bodies (sutures).8
Chronic exposure to multi-metals on testicular toxicity in rats
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Amit Gupta, Anoop Kumar, Saba Naqvi, Swaran J. S. Flora
Histological studies are useful for the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. In accordance with earlier reports, our investigation also showed that exposure to aluminum and copper alone and during co-exposure induced histological changes in testis such as disorganization of somniferous tubules, necrosis, and absence of mature spermatids in somniferous tubules (Sakhaee et al. 2016; Sun et al. 2018). These alterations are indicative of interference with important processes such as spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Several studies have been done on aluminum and copper-related changes in testicular histopathology which exhibited the degeneration of these epithelial cells as the main cause of testicular damage (Adedara et al. 2017; Martinez et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2020). On the other hand, zinc exposed animals showed well organized somniferous tubule and mature spermatids in the tubules without any contraction of the lumen (Chemek et al. 2016).
Real-time technique for conversion of skin temperature into skin blood flow: human skin as a low-pass filter for thermal waves
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Andrey Sagaidachnyi, Andrey Fomin, Dmitry Usanov, Anatoly Skripal
A biological tissue can be considered as a composite of a bloodless tissue matrix filed with hot blood (for example, see the porous model of the hand (He et al. 2014)). The heat capacity of the biotissue matrix acts as an integrator of heat energy deriving from the oscillating blood inflow. If the time interval between vasoconstrictions is long, accumulation of heat energy by the tissue matrix occurs leading to a monotonous increase in the skin temperature. Otherwise, each vasoconstriction provokes a slow decrease in the skin temperature owing to capacitance discharging of the tissue matrix. Therefore, we assume that the steady component of the skin temperature is derived by charging/discharging of tissue heat capacitance, while the alternate component of the skin temperature strongly depends on the oscillations of the BF originated in the nearest past (∼16 s or earlier). Section 3.4 showed that the described method is more suitable for the conversion of the temperature dynamics into BF for the alternate component of the temperature, rather than for the steady components of the temperature dynamics with frequencies lower than 0.007 Hz.