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Metabolic Therapies for Muscle Injury
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Ana V. Cintrón, Kenneth Cintron
This is a 53 y/o male, a retired pitcher from Major League Baseball after 16 seasons, who has been recently involved in cross-fit training and injured his right hamstring during a sprinting session. Physical exam revealed tenderness in the proximal musculotendinous junction (MTJ) and a resolving hematoma, classified as a grade two MTJ strain. MRI confirmed an area of hyperintensity at the biceps femoris muscle consistent with a grade two partial tear from its origin into the MTJ (Figure 18.1a,b). Ultrasonography revealed a corresponding transverse image with a hypoechoic area of edema surrounding the MTJ, slight flexion of the knee demonstrating continuity of muscle and ruling out a complete tear.
The Gallbladder (GB)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Biceps femoris muscle: Flexes the leg and, when the knee flexes, rotates the leg in a lateral direction. Extends the thigh at the hip when walking begins, keeping the trunk erect. Controls flexion at the hip during standing and forward bending. The short head of the bicep femoris, in particular, flexes the knee to allow the toes to clear the ground during ambulation.
Rheumatologie Pain
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
If an inflamed RA knee develops a large effusion that becomes chronic, a popliteal or Baker’s cyst may develop. Most of the time, the communication between the joint space and the cyst is one-way and this valve effect can cause high pressures in the popliteal space. Because fluid is incompressible, a rupture of the cyst can occur. The release of a large volume of fluid that contains inflammatory mediators posteriorly between the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the tendinous insertion of the biceps femoris muscle can cause the affected calf to become swollen, red, and intensely painful. The patient thus involved can present to the physician with a problem that resembles acute thrombophlebitis. The Homen’s sign is frequently positive, thus causing some confusion. A positive arthrogram (with or without a negative venogram, depending on the circumstances) can establish the presence or absence of a Baker’s cyst. Treatment with intraarticular steroids, rest, elevation, and attention to the underlying rheumatological conditions should be effective in the vast majority of cases. Surgical synovectomy may occasionally be necessary. A word of caution: treating a patient with a Baker’s cyst using an intravenous anticoagulant, like heparin (the preferred treatment for acute thrombophlebitis), is not only ineffective, but may be counterproductive, causing painful ecchymoses in the calf tissues that have become hyperemic from the inflammation.
Comparison of the Upper and Lower Extremity and Trunk Muscle Masses between Children with Down Syndrome and Children with Typical Development
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2022
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Seina Maruyama, Yukika Inagaki, Yukine Ogawa, Yoshino Sato, Minori Yokota, Moeka Takeuchi, Maki Kasahara, Kota Minakawa, Kana Kato, Kenji Sakaino
The thickness of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle was significantly lower in the DS group than in the TD group. The short head of the biceps femoris muscle is activated in the stance phase and terminal swing during walking.31,32 Muscle providing hip joint extension and knee joint flexion contributes to the postural control of these joints in the sagittal plane (i.e., control of shifts in the center of gravity in the forward direction) in the stance phase and prevention of excessive knee joint extension in the terminal swing while walking. Decreased activity of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle due to decreased opportunities to perform the walking motion may lead to decreased muscle thickness in children with DS. A previous study demonstrated decreased knee flexor muscle strength in adults with DS compared to that in healthy adults.12 The findings of the present study showing reduced knee flexor muscle in the DS group than in the TD group were consistent with those of the previous study,12 although the measurement methods in the present study (muscle thickness) differed from those in the previous study (muscle strength).
The Effect of Sugammadex on Time of Sciatic Block by Perineural Bupivacaine in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Fatih Dogu Geyik, Dilek Eker, Yucel Yuce, Kutlu Hakan Erkal, Dilek Yavuzer, Hanife Gulnihal Ozdemir, Banu Cevik, Kemal Tolga Saracoglu
General anesthesia was induced with Isoflurane USP 99.9% ® at 4% with oxygen inhalation in a bell jar. Anesthesia was maintained with a nose cone and 2% Isoflurane with oxygen. The gluteal and thigh areas were shaved with the feet fixed in the prone position and the surgical area was cleaned with povidone iodine. An oblique gluteal incision was made in the right lower extremity, following the hip joint crease, and the biceps femoris muscle was reached by excluding the skin margins (Figure 1). The biceps femoris muscle was opened with blunt dissection along the posterior border of the femur and knee joint, and the sciatic nerve was exposed by retracting its edges (Figures 1 and 2). Then, with the help of a fine-tipped dissection scissors, the nerve was freed from the surrounding tissues from the level of the sciatic notch to the branching region in the popliteal area. Sciatic nerve was controlled by nerve stimulation with the help of a neurostimulator. The motor response was evaluated by stimulating the sciatic nerve in the range of 0.2-0.5 milliamperes with a 22-gauge nerve block needle (Stimuplex® Ultra 360®) accompanied by a peripheral nerve stimulator (PAJUNK® Multistim SENSOR Advanced nevre Block Stimulator). After the motor response was obtained, 0.5% Bupivacaine® HCl was injected into the perineural area with a total volume of 0.2 ml within 10 seconds. This treatment was performed on all 3 groups.
Muscle Strength Training Alters Muscle Activation of the Lower Extremity during Side-Step Cutting in Females
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Jiyoung Jeong, Dai-Hyuk Choi, Yongnam Song, Choongsoo S. Shin
Both biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscle activation patterns during cutting maneuver changed in ways that may decrease the ACL injury risk after strength training. According to a recent cadaveric study that investigated the roles of the medial hamstring (i.e., semitendinosus and semimembranosus) and lateral hamstring (i.e., biceps femoris) in ACL strain, the contraction of the lateral hamstring can lead to a large reduction in the ACL strain while contraction of the medial hamstrings has little effect on ACL strain reduction from 0° to 90°of knee flexion positions (Guelich, Xu, Koh, Nuber, & Zhang, 2016). It also has been reported that the gastrocnemius is a knee flexor, but it contributes to the loading of the ACL (Adouni, Shirazi-Adl, & Marouane, 2016; Mokhtarzadeh et al., 2013). A large ACL strain was found when gastrocnemius was activated alone or combined with other muscles, and the gastrocnemius muscle is an antagonist of the ACL, particularly when the knee is near extension (Fleming et al., 2001; O'Connor, 1993). Thus, strength training increased biceps femoris muscle activity and reduced gastrocnemius muscle activity, which can be beneficial for reducing the ACL injury risk during side-step cutting.