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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Elbow ultrasound is used in the investigation of: Lateral pain that increases with active extension of the wrist.Posterior pain, particularly in the presence of olecranon bursitis (or student’s elbow) and triceps tendinosis or tear.Medial pain, in the suspicion of medial epicondylitis, worsened by resisted forearm pronation and wrist flexion, or in the assessment of entrapment or subluxation of the ulnar nerve.Anterior pain related to biceps tendinosis or tear.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The muscles of the elbow and forearm can be divided into five groups: the muscles of the arm that are involved with movements at the elbow joint, and four groups in the forearm (Figure 10; Table 2). The forearm muscles are divided into anterior and posterior groups, and then subdivided further into superficial and deep groups. The muscles of the arm that cross the front of the elbow and are responsible for flexing it are: biceps brachii, the large muscle on the front of the arm; brachialis which is deep to biceps brachii; and brachioradialis, a smaller muscle that inserts into the base of the radial styloid process. The biceps also contributes to supinating the forearm and stabilizing the shoulder joint. The biceps also crosses the front of the shoulder and is a weak shoulder flexor. The muscles arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus are the superficial flexors of the forearm that flex the wrist and can also contribute to flexing the elbow. The extensors of the elbow cross the back of the joint and are the triceps brachii on the back of the humerus and the small anconeus.
Sports medicine and sports injuries
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Hamstring injury : this commonly occurs due to twisting injuries following sudden and maximal muscle contraction. The injuries most commonly occur in the biceps femoris tendon, but can occur in the semimembranosus and to a lesser degree semitendinosus.
Long-term functional recovery in C5-C6 avulsions treated with distal nerve transfers
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Irene Fasce, Pietro Fiaschi, Andrea Bianconi, Carlo Sacco, Guido Staffa, Crescenzo Capone
Shoulder reinnervation remains a major problem. In contrast to elbow flexion, in which the isolated recovery of the biceps may represent itself a functionally significant result, the shoulder function involves the balanced activity of many muscles and consequently cannot be completely restored. The associated repair of the Suprascapular and Axillary nerve still allows an acceptable partial reinnervation, sufficient to obtain a good dynamic shoulder stability. When functional recovery is not effective, limited only to a good arm extra-rotation and brachio-thoracic clamp with minimal abduction, the shoulder is stabilized and allows elementary functioning. In these patients, a further scapulo-humeral arthrodesis is suitable. It is considered a palliative solution, suitable even years after the trauma, with possible mild advantage [17,18,28].
Analysis of common shoulder injuries in collegiate baseball players
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Luilly Vargas, Daniel Charen, Hsin-Hui Huang, Jashvant Poeran, Alexis Colvin
In this study, pitching and throwing were the most common mechanisms of injury for biceps related pathology, including biceps tendinitis (70%) and SLAP tears (87.5%). As compared to rotator cuff injuries, which are mostly due to the high forces on the glenohumeral joint during arm deceleration, biceps injuries tend to occur during the late cocking phase of throwing [10]. Late cocking causes high compressive forces, anteriorly directed forces, grinding moments on the labrum and tension on the long head of the biceps tendon [10,15]. Furthermore, improper pitching mechanics can also lead to increased forces on the biceps tendon [10]. These findings of repetitive microtrauma to the biceps and superior labrum are supported by the results of our study, which demonstrate that biceps tendinitis (PR 3.9, P = 0.024) and SLAP tears (PR 6.4, P = 0.0078) were significantly more likely to be chronic injuries. SLAP tears were also significantly more likely to be recurrent rather than new injuries (PR 5.5, P = 0.010), and biceps tendinitis was significantly more likely to occur in upperclassmen compared to underclassmen (PR 5.5, P = 0.028).
Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging findings in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Omid Jahanian, Meegan G. Van Straaten, Brianna M. Goodwin, Ryan J. Lennon, Jonathan D. Barlow, Naveen S. Murthy, Melissa M.B. Morrow
In the supraspinatus tendon, the insertion zone (57%), bursal region (46%), and anterior (34%) and middle (34%) portions of the tendon were the most common locations of the partial tears. The full tears all occurred at the insertion zone in the anterior (56%) or middle (44%) portion. In the infraspinatus tendon, the insertion zone (84%), intra-substance region (69%), and anterior portion (52%) were the most common locations of the partial tears. In the subscapularis tendon, the tendon zone (83%), intra-substance region (59%), and superior portion (66%) were the most common locations of the partial tears. The biceps anchor (75%) was the most common site of partial tears in the long head of biceps tendon. Of the two people who had a split tear of the biceps, one of the tears was in the extra-articular and the other was in the intra-articular region of the long head of the biceps tendon. A summary of the demographic data and MRI findings for all participants is reported in two tables in Appendix B.