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ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
Tooth development and maintenance of tooth structure are not dependent on innervation since they continued to occur without a nerve supply. Unless the blood vessel disturbance was in the apical region of the tooth, ischemia severe enough to cause permanent tooth injury could seldom be established. Pulps of teeth with large apical foramina were more easily injured by retraction than the pulps of teeth with small foramina. While odontoblasts and most pulp cells degenerated upon retraction, they were replaced from the compressed tissues at the apex when the pressure was released.
The Structure of Odontogenic Cysts
Published in Roger M. Browne, Investigative Pathology of the Odontogenic Cysts, 2019
The histological structure of the cyst wall varies in appearance according to the stage of development of the lesion. In recently formed lesions, the cyst is still small and most of its wall remains within the toxic environment of the inflammatory focus within which it arose. However, as the cyst ages so too it enlarges and less and less of the cyst wall remains in such a close relationship to the apical foramen of the causative tooth. As a consequence less of the cyst wall is directly affected by the environment of the periapical inflammatory focus.
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
The attachment of the soft tissue, gingiva, to the tooth is through junctional epithelium, which can be considered a weak zone and is prone for infection (Figure 7.3). The harbored microorganisms and its products proximal to this area can ingress to the supporting periodontal apparatus. Another point of entry is through the apical foramen present at the end of the tooth where the pulpal nerves and blood supply enters. The course of the disease and nature of treatment is completely different, depending on the pathway of infection.
An in-vitro analysis to evaluate the disinfection effectiveness of Cold Atmospheric Pressure (CAP) plasma jet in Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2023
Pravin Kumar, P. Soundharrajan, Ram Prakash, Sarika Prabhakar Kombade, Pankaj Yadav, Ankita Chugh, Arun Kumar Patnana
After scaling with an ultrasonic scaler, teeth were autoclaved and stored in 0.9% normal saline solution until use. The teeth were decoronated below the cementoenamel junction to obtain a standard root length of 12 mm using the diamond discs (DFS, India). All samples were prepared with ProTaper universal hand files (Dentsply, Maillefer, India) up to size F3. The canals were irrigated using 5 ml of 3% NaOCl (SafeEndo Dental India Pvt. LTD) after each instrumentation with a 23-gauge irrigation needle during root canal preparation. The final irrigation was done with 3% NaOCl for 2 min followed by 17% EDTA (Neelkanth Healthcare (P.) LTD, India) for 1 min. The apical foramen of each test sample was sealed with composite resin (3 M, ESPE, India) and the outer surface of the root was coated with nail varnish. The samples were sterilized again in an autoclave for 20 min under 15 psi pressure at 121 °C temperature.
External root resorption in root-filled and vital teeth after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatments: a split-mouth retrospective study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Safa Kurnaz, Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus
It was reported that the movement of VPT during OT might cause neurovascular disturbances with inflammatory changes and probable degenerative changes in the pulp. The previous trauma, caries, restorations, or periodontal disease history of pulpal stimulation and the magnitude, direction, and duration of orthodontic forces affect the severity of orthodontic force on the pulp tissues [28]. It was reported that injured and stretched pulp cells express inflammatory cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), thereby initiating odontoclastic activity. Tensile forces through the apical foramen to the pulp cells during endodontic treatment increase the expression of these factors, and apical root resorption may occur [29]. In RFT, these factors would not be secreted without the pulp, and these pulp tissue alterations might explain the increased ERR in VPT.
Effect of different laser-assisted irrigation activation techniques on apical debris extrusion
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Ezgi Doğanay Yıldız, Buket Dinçer, Mehmet Eren Fidan
The fact that pulp tissue, debris chips, irrigation solutions, microorganisms, and their byproducts may be extruded from the apical foramen is an undesired result of root canal preparation [25]. Postoperative complications, such as postoperative pain, periapical inflammation and thus deterioration of periapical healing may occur due to apically extruded materials [26]. In previous studies, the effect of various instrumentation and irrigation methods on the amount of apically extruded debris has been evaluated [10,11,27,28]. The aim of this study was to compare apical debris extrusion when photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), Er:YAG, or Nd:YAG lasers are used for irrigation activation. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference between laser-assisted irrigation activation techniques and needle irrigation in terms of apical debris extrusion.