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Neck and Décolletage
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Kate Goldie, Uliana Gout, Randy B. Miller, Fernando Felice, Paraskevas Kontoes, Izolda Heydenrych
The posterior neck borders are bounded superiorly by the occipital bone of the skull and inferiorly by the intervertebral disc between CVII and T1 [1] (Figure 10.1). The neck is often further divided into anterior and posterior triangles. The anterior triangle is bounded by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, the midline of the neck, and the inferior border of the mandible. The posterior triangle is defined as the area of the neck bounded by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), the anterior border of the trapezius and, inferiorly, the lateral third of the clavicle. The visible anterior triangle is predominately the focus of aesthetic treatments.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
There are a number of intrinsic features, including the pre-patellar, supra-patellar and infra-patellar bursae. There are two cruciate ligaments. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) arises from the posterior aspect of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur and passes inferiorly and medially, attaching to the anterior part of the intercondylar area of the upper surface of the tibia. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) arises from the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur and passes inferiorly and laterally, attaching to the posterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia.
Answers
Published in Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield, The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield
Epistaxis is the major ENT emergency. It is classified as anterior or posterior. Anterior epistaxis comprises the majority of cases, with bleeding often occurring from Little’s area (otherwise known as Kiesselbach’s plexus). This is the areas where the anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine and facial arteries anastamose. As with any emergency presentation, an ABCDE approach should be taken to initial management. The patient may require resuscitation with IV fluids and/or red blood cell transfusion. Obvious anterior bleeding sites may be cauterised but otherwise may require anterior packing. Posterior epistaxis may be more difficult to cauterise and can be managed by inflation of a balloon/foley catheter in addition to an anterior nasal pack. Ligation/embolisation of the arterial source is an alternative if the above measures fail to control the bleeding.
Effect of Sway Frequency on the Joint Angle and Center of Pressure in Voluntary Sway
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2023
Tetsuya Hasegawa, Tomoki Mori, Kohei Kaminishi, Ryosuke Chiba, Jun Ota, Arito Yozu
The middle 10 cycles of 15 cycles were included in the analysis because participants may have needed several cycles to adjust their motion to the required amplitude and frequency (Martin Lorenzo & Vanrenterghem, 2015; Radhakrishnan et al., 2010). COP displacement was calculated using the software attached to pressure distribution measuring plates and Python. The root mean square (RMS) of the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) COP time series was calculated for the total COP under both feet (Mansfield et al., 2011). The RMS provided a measure of the amplitude of postural sway (de Haart et al., 2004). The COPs of the maximum anterior (max AP) and maximum posterior (min AP) positions were also calculated. The origin was the average COP value during the static posture before the start of the voluntary sway. Anterior and posterior were expressed as positive and negative, respectively.
Spinal cord involvement in COVID-19: A review
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vimal Kumar Paliwal, Ankit Gupta
The spinal cord predominantly receives blood from three main arteries – the anterior spinal artery and two posterior spinal arteries. Reinforcement of blood supply comes from the ascending cervical arteries (branches of the thyrocervical trunk), radicular-medullary branches (branches of the aorta), and the artery of Adamkiewicz (a branch of the aorta) at the level of the lower thoracic or lumbar vertebra. The occlusion of the artery of Adamkiewicz can result in spinal cord ischemia in the thoracolumbar region. Predominantly, this infarction is caused by aortic disease, thoracolumbar surgery, sepsis, hypotension, and thromboembolic disorders. Therefore, we suggest that spinal cord infarction because of hypercoagulability can lead to myelopathy in patients with COVID-19.46,47
HSP90-Mediates Liraglutide Preconditioning-Induced Cardioprotection by Inhibiting C5a and NF-κB
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Shi-Tao He, Dong-Xiao Wang, Jian-Jun Meng, Xiao-Fang Cheng, Qi Bi, Guo-Qiang Zhong, Rong-Hui Tu
To establish a myocardial I/R injury model, pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was used to anesthetize the rats, after which they were intubated using a small-animal positive pressure ventilator. After intubation, the left side thorax was opened at the 4th intercostal space, and the pericardium was incised to fully expose the heart. A needle was inserted perpendicular to the ventricular septum, approximately 2 mm below the junction between the left atrial appendage and the arterial cone. ST segment elevation and myocardial tissue color changes were used to confirm myocardial ischemia. Ischemia was maintained for 30 min followed by loosening of the ligature to allow reperfusion for 2 h. Left ventricular anterior wall myocardial tissues and blood samples were collected for further analyses.